| |
| |
| Rapid Review: Neuroscience | |
| |
| |
| Table of Contents | |
| |
| |
| |
| Macroscopic Organization: An overview of Nervous System Structure and Function | |
| |
| |
| |
| Anatomy of the Nervous System | |
| |
| |
| |
| Divisions of the nervous system | |
| |
| |
| |
| Dissections | |
| |
| |
| |
| Horizontal images | |
| |
| |
| |
| Coronal images | |
| |
| |
| |
| Sagittal images | |
| |
| |
| |
| Spinal cord anatomy | |
| |
| |
| |
| Development of the Nervous System | |
| |
| |
| |
| Neural tube and derivatives | |
| |
| |
| |
| Neural crest and derivatives | |
| |
| |
| |
| Primary vesicles and derivatives | |
| |
| |
| |
| Secondary vesicles and derivatives | |
| |
| |
| |
| Clinical considerations | |
| |
| |
| |
| Meninges | |
| |
| |
| |
| Layers of the meninges | |
| |
| |
| |
| Meningeal vasculature | |
| |
| |
| |
| Clinical considerations | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Ventricles and Cerebrospinal Fluid | |
| |
| |
| |
| Components of the ventricular system | |
| |
| |
| |
| Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) | |
| |
| |
| |
| Clinical considerations | |
| |
| |
| |
| Vasculature | |
| |
| |
| |
| Cerebral blood flow | |
| |
| |
| |
| Blood-brain barrier (BBB) | |
| |
| |
| |
| Anterior circulation: internal carotid system | |
| |
| |
| |
| Posterior circulation: vertebral-basilar system | |
| |
| |
| |
| Anastomoses | |
| |
| |
| |
| Venous drainage | |
| |
| |
| |
| Spinal cord blood supply | |
| |
| |
| |
| Clinical considerations: cerebrovascular accidents | |
| |
| |
| |
| Microscopic Organization: The Nervous System at the cellular level | |
| |
| |
| |
| Neurocytology | |
| |
| |
| |
| Neurons | |
| |
| |
| |
| Synapse | |
| |
| |
| |
| Neuronal cytoskeleton | |
| |
| |
| |
| Axonal transport | |
| |
| |
| |
| Glia | |
| |
| |
| |
| Clinical considerations: response to injury | |
| |
| |
| |
| Neurophysiology | |
| |
| |
| |
| Passive membrane properties | |
| |
| |
| |
| Excitable membrane | |
| |
| |
| |
| Myelination and saltatory conduction | |
| |
| |
| |
| Clinical considerations | |
| |
| |
| |
| Synaptic interactions | |
| |
| |
| |
| Electrical synapse | |
| |
| |
| |
| Chemical synapse | |
| |
| |
| |
| Clinical considerations | |
| |
| |
| |
| Neurochemistry | |
| |
| |
| |
| Classical neurotransmitters | |
| |
| |
| |
| Peptide neurotransmitters | |
| |
| |
| |
| Neurotransmitter receptors | |
| |
| |
| |
| Clinical considerations | |
| |
| |
| |
| Sensory Systems | |
| |
| |
| |
| Discriminative Touch, Vibration and Conscious Proprioception | |
| |
| |
| |
| Sensory receptors | |
| |
| |
| |
| Dorsal column-medial lemniscal system - body | |
| |
| |
| |
| Trigeminal system head and neck | |
| |
| |
| |
| Clinical considerations | |
| |
| |
| |
| Pain and Temperature | |
| |
| |
| |
| Sensory receptors | |
| |
| |
| |
| Anterolateral system - body | |
| |
| |
| |
| Trigeminal system head and neck | |
| |
| |
| |
| Clinical considerations | |
| |
| |
| |
| Motor Control | |
| |
| |
| |
| Lower Motor Neurons | |
| |
| |
| |
| Spinal cord anterior horn | |
| |
| |
| |
| Cranial motor nuclei | |
| |
| |
| |
| Neuromuscular junction | |
| |
| |
| |
| Clinical considerations | |
| |
| |
| |
| Upper Motor Neurons | |
| |
| |
| |
| Corticospinal and corticobulbar pathways | |
| |
| |
| |
| "Extrapyramidal" pathways | |
| |
| |
| |
| Clinical considerations | |
| |
| |
| |
| Basal Ganglia | |
| |
| |
| |
| Function | |
| |
| |
| |
| Anatomy | |
| |
| |
| |
| Basal ganglia circuits | |
| |
| |
| |
| Basal ganglia neurotransmitters | |
| |
| |
| |
| Clinical considerations | |
| |
| |
| |
| Cerebellum | |
| |
| |
| |
| Function | |
| |
| |
| |
| Cerebellar anatomy related to function | |
| |
| |
| |
| Cerebellar cortex | |
| |
| |
| |
| Deep cerebellar nuclei | |
| |
| |
| |
| Cerebellar pathways | |
| |
| |
| |
| Clinical considerations | |
| |
| |
| |
| Reflexes and their Clinical Significance | |
| |
| |
| |
| Overview | |
| |
| |
| |
| Deep tendon reflexes - clinical considerations | |
| |
| |
| |
| Superficial reflexes - clinical considerations | |
| |
| |
| |
| Cranial nerve reflexes - clinical considerations | |
| |
| |
| |
| Cranial Nerves and the Special Senses | |
| |
| |
| |
| Cranial Nerve Overview | |
| |
| |
| |
| Overview | |
| |
| |
| |
| Emergence of cranial nerves | |
| |
| |
| |
| Locations of cranial nerve nuclei | |
| |
| |
| |
| General sensory input | |
| |
| |
| |
| Motor control | |
| |
| |
| |
| Testing cranial nerves | |
| |
| |
| |
| Visual System | |
| |
| |
| |
| The eye | |
| |
| |
| |
| Visual processing within the retina | |
| |
| |
| |
| The visual pathway from the retina to the primary visual cortex | |
| |
| |
| |
| Auditory System | |
| |
| |
| |
| What is Sound? | |
| |
| |
| |
| Anatomy of the Transduction Apparatus | |
| |
| |
| |
| Mechanisms underlying sound transduction | |
| |
| |
| |
| Auditory Neural Pathway | |
| |
| |
| |
| Clinical Considerations | |
| |
| |
| |
| Vestibular | |