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| NOTE: Each chapter concludes with a Summary, Key Terms, Practice Problems, and Multiple-Choice Practice Test | |
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| The Science of Chemistry | |
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| Chemistry���A Scientific Discipline | |
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| Scientific Research and Technology | |
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| The Scope of Chemistry and Chemical Technology | |
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| How Chemists Discover Things���The Scientific Method | |
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| The Limitations of the Scientific Method | |
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| The Limitations of Science | |
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| Numbers from Measurements | |
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| The Importance of Measurement | |
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| Exact and Inexact Numbers | |
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| Accuracy, Precision, and Error | |
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| Uncertainty in Measurements | |
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| Significant Figures | |
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| Significant Figures and Mathematical Operations | |
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| Scientific Notation | |
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| Mathematical Operations in Scientific Notation | |
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| Unit Systems and Dimensional Analysis | |
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| The Metric System of Units | |
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| Metric Units of Length | |
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| Metric Units of Mass | |
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| Metric Units of Volume | |
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| Units in Mathematical Operations | |
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| Conversion Factors | |
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| Dimensional Analysis | |
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| Density | |
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| Equivalence Conversion Factors Other Than Density | |
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| Percentage and Percent Error | |
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| Temperature Scales | |
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| Basic Concepts About Matter | |
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| Chemistry���The Study of Matter | |
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| Physical States of Matter | |
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| Properties of Matter | |
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| Changes in Matter | |
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| Pure Substances and Mixtures | |
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| Heterogeneous and Homogeneous Mixtures | |
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| Elements and Compounds | |
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| Discovery and Abundance of the Elements | |
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| The Human Side of Chemistry 1: Joseph Priestley (1733���1804) | |
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| Names and Chemical Symbols of the Elements | |
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| The Human Side of Chemistry 2: Jöns Jakob Berzelius (1779���1848) | |
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| The Atom | |
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| The Human Side of Chemistry 3: John Dalton (1766���1844) | |
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| The Molecule | |
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| Natural and Synthetic Compounds | |
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| Chemical Formulas | |
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| Subatomic Particles, Isotopes, and Nuclear Chemistry | |
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| Subatomic Particles: Protons, Neutrons, and Electrons | |
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| Atomic Number and Mass Number | |
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| Isotopes | |
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| Atomic Masses | |
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| Evidence Supporting the Existence and Arrangement of Subatomic Particles | |
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| Nuclear Stability and Radioactivity | |
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| The Human Side of Chemistry 4: Ernest Rutherford (1871���1937) | |
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| Half-Life: A Measure of Nuclear stability | |
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| The Nature of Natural Radioactive Emissions | |
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| Equations for Radioactive Decay | |
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| Transmutation and Bombardment Reactions | |
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| Positron Emission and Electron Capture | |
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| Neutron-to-Proton Ratio and Type of Radioactive Decay | |
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| Radioactive Decay Series | |
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| Electronic Structure and Chemical Periodicity | |
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| The Periodic Law | |
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| The Periodic Table | |
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| The Human Side of Chemistry 5: Dmitri Ivanovich Mendeleev (1834���1907) | |
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| The Energy of an Electron | |
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| The Human Side of Chemistry 6: Erwin Schrödinger (1887���1961) | |
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| Electron Shells | |
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| Electron Subshells | |
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| Electron Orbitals | |
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| Electron Configurations | |
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| Orbital Diagrams | |
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| Electron Configurations and the Periodic Law | |
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| Electron Configurations and the Periodic Table | |
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| Classification Systems for the Elements | |
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| Chemical Periodicity | |
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| Chemical Bonds | |
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| Types of Chemical Bonds | |
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| Valence Electrons and Lewis Symbols | |
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| The Human Side of Chemistry 7: Gilbert Newton Lewis (1875���1946) | |
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| The Octet Rule | |
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| The Ionic Bond Model | |
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| The Sign and Magnitude of Ionic Charge | |
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| Lewis Structures for Ionic Compounds | |
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| Chemical Formulas for Ionic Compounds | |
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| Structure of Ionic Compounds | |
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| Polyatomic Ions | |
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| The Covalent Bond Model | |
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| Lewis Structures for Molecular Compounds | |
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| Single, Double, and Triple Covalent Bonds | |
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| Valence Electron Count and Number of Covalent Bonds Formed | |
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| Coordinate Covalent Bonds | |
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| Resonance Structures | |
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| Systematic Procedures for Drawing Lewis Structures | |
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| Molecular Geometry | |
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| Electronegativity | |
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| The Human Side of Chemistry 8: Linus Carl Pauling (1901���1994) | |
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| Bond Polarity | |
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| Molecular Polarity | |
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| Chemical Nomenclature | |
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| Classification of Compounds for Nomenclature Purposes | |
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| Types of Binary Ionic Compounds | |
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| Nomenclature for Binary Ionic Compounds | |
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| Nomenclature for Ionic Compounds Containing Polyatomic Ions | |
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| Nomenclature for Binary Molecular Compounds | |
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| Nomenclature for Acids | |
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| Nomenclature Rules���A Summary | |
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| Chemical Calculations: the Mole Concept and Chemical Formulas | |
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| The Law of Definite Proportions | |
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| The Human Side of Chemistry 9: Joseph-Louis Proust (1754���1826) | |
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| Calculation of Formula Masses | |
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| Significant Figures and Atomic Mass | |
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| Percent Composition of a Compound | |
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| The Mole: the Chemist's Counting Unit | |
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| The Human Side of Chemistry 10: Lorenzo Romano Amedeo Carlo Avogadro (1776���1856) | |
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| The Mass of a Mole | |
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| Significant Figures and Avogadro's Number | |
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| Relationship between Atomic Mass Units and Gram Units | |
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| The Mole and Chemical Formulas | |
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| The Mole and Chemical Calculations | |
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| Purity of Samples | |
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| Empirical and Molecular Formulas | |
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| Determination of Empirical Formulas | |
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| Determination of Molecular Formulas | |
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| Chemical Calculations Involving Chemical Equations | |
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| The Law of Conservation of Mass | |
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| The Human Side of Chemistry 11: Antoine-Laurent Lavoisier (1743���1794) | |
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| Writing Chemical Equations | |
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| Chemical Equation Coefficients | |
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| Balancing Procedures for Chemical Equations | |
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| Special Symbols Used in Chemical Equations | |
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| Classes of Chemical Reactions | |
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| Chemical Equations and the Mole Concept | |
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| Balanced Chemical Equations and the Law of Conservation of Mass | |
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| Calculations Based on Chemical Equations���Stoichiometry | |
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| The Limiting Reactant Concept | |
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| Yields: Theoretical, Actual, and Percent | |
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| Simultaneous and Sequential Chemical Reactions | |
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| States of Matter | |
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| Factors That Determine Physical State | |
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| Property Differences among Physical States | |
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| The Kinetic Molecular Theory of Matter | |
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| The Solid State | |
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| The Liquid State | |
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| The Gaseous State | |
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| A Comparison of Solids, Liquids, and Gases | |
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| Endothermic and Exothermic Changes of State | |
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| Heat Energy and Specific Heat | |
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| Temperature Changes as a Substance Is Heated | |
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| Energy and Changes of State | |
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| Heat Energy Calculations | |
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| Evaporation of Liquids | |
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| Vapor Pressure of Liquids | |
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| Boiling and Boiling Points | |
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| Intermolecular Forces in Liquids | |
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| Hydrogen Bonding and the Properties of Water | |
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| Gas Laws | |
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| Properties of Some Common Gases | |
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| Gas Law Variables | |
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| Boyle's Law: A Pressure Volume Relationship | |
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| The Human Side of Chemistry 12: Robert Boyle (1627���1691) | |
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| Charles's Law: A Temperature Volume Relationship | |
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| The Human Side of Chemistry 13: Jacques Alexandre Cÿsar Charles (1746���1823) | |
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| Gay-Lussac's Law: A Temperature Pressure Relationship | |
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| The Human Side of Chemistry 14: Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac (1778���1850) | |
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| The Combined Gas Law | |
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| Avogadro's Law | |
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| An Ideal Gas | |
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| The Ideal Gas Law | |
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| Modified Forms of the Ideal Gas Law Equation | |
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| Volumes of Gases in Chemical Reactions | |
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| Volumes of Gases and the Limiting Reactant Concept | |
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| Molar Volume of a Gas | |
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| Chemical Calculations Using Molar Volume | |
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| Mixtures of Gases | |
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| Dalton's Law of Partial Pressures | |
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| Solutions | |
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| Characteristics of Solutions | |
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| Solubility | |
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| Solution Formation | |
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| Solubility Rules | |
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| Solution Concentrations | |
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| Concentration: Percentage of Solute | |
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| Concentration: Parts per Million and Parts per Billion | |
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| Concentration: Molarity | |
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| Concentration: Molality | |
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| Dilution | |
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| Molarity and Chemical Equations | |
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| Calculations Involving Volume: A Summary | |
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| Acids, Bases, and Salts | |
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| Arrhenius Acid Base Theory | |
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| The Human Side of Chemistry 15: Svante August Arrhenius (1859���1927) | |
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| Brinsted Lowry Acid Base Theory | |
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| Conjugate Acids and Bases | |
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| Mono-, Di-, and Triprotic Acids | |
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| Strengths of Acids and Bases | |
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| Salts | |
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| Reactions of Acids | |
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| Reactions of Bases | |
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| Reactions of Salts | |
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| Self-Ionization of Water | |
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| The pH Scale | |
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| Hydrolysis of Salts | |
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| Buffers | |
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| Acid Base Titrations | |
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| Chemical Equations: Net Ionic and Oxidation-Reduction | |
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| Types of Chemical Equations | |
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| Electrolytes | |
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| Ionic and Net Ionic Equations | |
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| Oxidation Reduction Terminology | |
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| Oxidation Numbers | |
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| Redox and Nonredox Chemical Reactions | |
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| Balancing Oxidation Reduction Equations | |
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| Oxidation Number Method for Balancing Redox Equations | |
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| Half-Reaction Method for Balancing Redox Equations | |
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| Disproportionation Reactions | |
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| Stoichiometric Calculations Involving Ions | |
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| Reaction Rates and Chemical Equilibrium | |
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| Collision Theory | |
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| Endothermic and Exothermic Chemical Reactions | |
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| Factors That Influence Chemical Reaction Rates | |
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| Chemical Equilibrium | |
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| Equilibrium Mixture Stoichiometry | |
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| Equilibrium Constants | |
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| Equilibrium Position | |
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| Temperature Dependency of Equilibrium Constants | |
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| Le Chotelier's Principle | |
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| The Human Side of Chemistry 16: Henri-Louis Le Chotelier (1850���1936) | |
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| Forcing Chemical Reactions to Completion | |
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| Glossary | |
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| Answer to Odd-Numbered Problems and All Self-Test Problems | |
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| Index | |