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Preface | |
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Composing in a Visual Era | |
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Introduction: Writing for Different Purposes in Different Media | |
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The Rhetorical Situation | |
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The rhetorical triangle | |
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A writer's audience | |
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A writer's ethos | |
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A writer's purpose | |
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Words, Images, and Graphics | |
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Multimedia writing | |
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Communicating with words, images, and graphics | |
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Where images and graphics work best | |
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Where words work best | |
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Planning, Drafting, and Revising | |
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Planning and Drafting | |
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Establish your goals | |
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Explore your topic | |
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Write a working thesis | |
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Plan a strategy | |
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Compose a draft | |
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Write as a member of a team | |
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Stay organized | |
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Composing Paragraphs | |
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Focus your paragraphs | |
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Organize your paragraphs | |
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Make your paragraphs coherent | |
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Consider paragraph length | |
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Link across paragraphs | |
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Write effective beginning and ending paragraphs | |
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Rewriting, Editing, and Proofreading | |
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Switch from writer to reader | |
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Learn strategies for rewriting | |
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Respond to other writers' drafts | |
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Edit for particular goals | |
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Proofread carefully | |
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Learn to edit the writing of others | |
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Writing in College and Beyond | |
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Critical Reading and Viewing | |
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Two kinds of reading and viewing | |
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Critical reading | |
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Verbal fallacies | |
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Critical viewing | |
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Visual fallacies | |
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Analyzing Verbal and Visual Texts | |
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The aim of analysis | |
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Analyze the context and the text | |
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Develop and organize a rhetorical analysis | |
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Sample rhetorical analysis | |
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Analyze images and other kinds of visual texts | |
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Writing to Reflect | |
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Find a reflective topic | |
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Identify a focus | |
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Develop a response | |
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Sample reflective essay | |
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A reflective magazine article | |
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A reflective Weblog | |
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Writing to Inform | |
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Find an informative topic | |
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Narrow your topic and write a thesis | |
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Develop and organize your ideas | |
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Sample informative essay | |
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An informative brochure | |
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Business letters, emails, and memos | |
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Reports | |
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Writing to Persuade | |
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Find an arguable topic | |
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Make an arguable claim | |
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Develop and organize good reasons | |
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Sample proposal argument | |
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A persuasive Web site | |
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A persuasive letter of application and resume | |
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Designing and Presenting | |
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Design Basics | |
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Create visual relationships | |
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Make similar items looks similar | |
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Make different items look different | |
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Understand type styles | |
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Illustrations, Tables, and Charts | |
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Illustrations | |
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Image editors | |
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Formats and printers | |
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Tables | |
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Charts and graphs | |
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Verbal and Visual Presentations | |
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Plan a presentation | |
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Design effective visuals | |
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Deliver a presentation with visuals | |
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Writing for the Web | |
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Plan a Web site | |
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Define specific goals | |
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Design for the Web | |
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Researching | |
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Planning Your Research | |
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Analyze the research task | |
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Set a schedule | |
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Find a topic that interests you | |
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Ask a question and draft a working thesis | |
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Decide what kind of research you need to do | |
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Plan your field research | |
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Finding Print Sources in Libraries | |
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Determine what kinds of sources you will need | |
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Identify keywords | |
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Find books | |
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Find journal articles | |
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Find newspaper articles | |
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Start a working bibliography | |
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Finding Sources Online | |
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Database sources versus Web sources | |
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Find articles and other sources in library databases | |
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Find information on the Web | |
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Find visual sources online | |
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Evaluating Sources | |
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Determine the relevance of sources | |
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Determine the reliability of print sources | |
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Determine the reliability of Internet sources | |
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Create an annotated bibliography | |
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Avoiding Plagiarism When Using Sources | |
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The purpose of documenting sources | |
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Intellectual property and scholastic honesty | |
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Avoiding plagiarism | |
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Quote sources without plagiarizing | |
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Summarize and paraphrase sources without plagiarizing | |
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Writing the Research Project | |
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Review your goals and thesis | |
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Plan your organization | |
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Incorporate quotations, summaries, and paraphrases effectively | |
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Write your draft | |
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Review your draft | |
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Revise, edit, and check formatting | |
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Documenting | |
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MLA Documentation | |
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In-text citations in MLA style | |
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Books in MLA-style works cited | |
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Journals and magazines | |
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Newspapers | |
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Government documents, pamphlets, dissertations, and letters | |
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Online publications | |
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CD-ROM, software, and unedited online sources | |
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Visual sources | |
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Multimedia sources | |
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Informational notes | |
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Sample research paper with MLA documentation | |
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Writing about Literature | |
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Become a critical reader of literature | |
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Develop an original argument | |
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Organize your argument | |
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Support your argument | |
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Sample literary analysis | |
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APA Documentation | |
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In-text citations in APA style | |
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Books and nonperiodical sources in the APA-style references list | |
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Periodical sources | |
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Online sources | |
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Visual, computer, and multimedia sources | |
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Sample paper with APA documentation | |
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CMS Documentation | |
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Books and nonperiodical sources in CMS-style citations | |
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Periodical sources | |
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Online and computer sources | |
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Multimedia sources | |
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Sample pages with CMS documentation | |
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CSE Documentation | |
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In-text citations in CSE style | |
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Books and nonperiodical sources in CSE-style references | |
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Periodical sources | |
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Online sources | |
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Sample pages with CSE documentation | |
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Effective Style and Language | |
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Write with Power | |
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Recognize active and passive voice | |
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Use action verbs | |
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Name your agents | |
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Vary your sentences | |
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Project personality | |
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Write Concisely | |
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Eliminate unnecessary words | |
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Reduce wordy phrases | |
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Simplify tangled sentences | |
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Write with Emphasis | |
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Manage emphasis within sentences | |
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Forge links across sentences | |
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Use parallel structure with parallel ideas | |
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Use parallel structure with lists | |
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Use parallel structure in paragraphs | |
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Find the Right Words | |
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Recognize varieties of English | |
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Be aware of levels of formality | |
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Be aware of denotation and connotation | |
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Use specific language | |
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Use effective figurative language | |
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Write to Be Inclusive | |
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Be aware of stereotypes | |
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Be inclusive about gender | |
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Be inclusive about race and ethnicity | |
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Be inclusive about other differences | |
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Write for Diverse Audiences | |
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Understand English as a global language | |
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Respect other varieties and languages | |
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Use accessible language | |
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Understanding Grammar | |
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Grammar Basics | |
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Sentence basics | |
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Word classes | |
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Clauses | |
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Phrases | |
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Sentence types | |
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Fragments, Run-ons, and Comma Splices | |
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Fragments | |
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Run-on sentences | |
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Comma splices | |
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Subject-Verb Agreement | |
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Agreement in the present tense | |
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Singular and plural subjects | |
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Indefinite pronouns as subjects | |
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Collective nouns as subjects | |
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Inverted word order | |
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Amounts, numbers, and pairs | |
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Verbs | |
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Basic verb forms | |
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Irregular verbs | |
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Transitive and intransitive verbs | |
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Shifts in tense | |
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Shifts in mood | |
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Pronouns | |
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Pronoun case | |
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Pronoun agreement | |
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Problems with pronouns and gender | |
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Vague reference | |
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Modifiers | |
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Choose the correct modifier | |
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Place adjectives carefully | |
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Place adverbs carefully | |
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Revise disruptive modifiers | |
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Revise dangling modifiers | |
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Understanding Punctuation and Mechanics | |
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Commas | |
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Commas with introductory elements | |
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Commas with compound clauses | |
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Commas with nonrestrictive modifiers | |
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Commas with items in a series | |
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Commas with coordinate adjectives | |
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Commas with quotations | |
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Commas with dates, numbers, titles, and addresses | |
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Commas to avoid confusion | |
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Unnecessary commas | |
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Semicolons and Colons | |
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Semicolons with closely related main clauses | |
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Semicolons together with commas | |
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Colons in sentences | |
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Colons with lists | |
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Hyphens | |
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Hyphens with compound modifiers | |
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Hyphens with compound nouns | |
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Hyphens that divide words at the ends of lines | |
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Hyphens for clarity | |
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Dashes and Parentheses | |
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Dashes and parentheses versus commas | |
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Dashes and parentheses to set off information | |
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Other punctuation with parentheses | |
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Other punctuation with dashes | |
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Apostrophes | |
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Possessives | |
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Contractions and omitted letters | |
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Plurals of letters, symbols, and words referred to as words | |
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Quotation Marks | |
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Direct quotations | |
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Titles of short works | |
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Other uses of quotation marks | |
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Misuses of quotation marks | |
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Other punctuation with quotation marks | |
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Other Punctuation Marks | |
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Periods | |
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Question marks | |
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Exclamation points | |
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Brackets | |
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Ellipses | |
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Slashes | |
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Write with Accurate Spelling | |
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Know the limitations of spelling checkers | |
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Distinguish homonyms | |
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Learn spelling rules | |
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Capitalization and Italics | |
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Capital letters | |
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Italics | |
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Abbreviations, Acronyms, and Numbers | |
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Abbreviations | |
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Acronyms | |
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Numbers | |
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If English is Not Your First Language | |
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Writing in a Second Language | |
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Understand how languages differ | |
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Use your native language as a resource | |
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Use dictionaries | |
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Nouns and Articles | |
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Kinds of nouns | |
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Count and noncount nouns | |
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Singular and plural forms | |
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Articles | |
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Verbs | |
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Types of verbs | |
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Be verbs | |
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Modal auxiliary verbs | |
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Verbs and infinitives | |
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Verbs and -ing verbals | |
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Conditional sentences | |
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Participial adjectives | |
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English Sentence Structure | |
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Subjects | |
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English word order | |
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Placement of modifiers | |
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Idiomatic Structures | |
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Prepositions | |
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Adjectives with prepositions | |
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Phrasal verbs | |
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Writing Essay Examinations | |
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Glossary of Grammatical Terms and Usage | |
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Index | |
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Credits | |
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Writing Across the Curriculum Guide | |
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Revision Guide | |
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Index of Common Error boxes (rear inside cover) | |