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| Foreword | |
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| Preface | |
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| Introduction: Writing, Collaboration, and Social Construction | |
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| Collaborative Learning and Classroom Practice | |
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| How This Book Is Organized: A Sketch of the Contents | |
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| Why Short Course Form? | |
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| What Social Construction Means in This Book | |
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| Reading and Writing as Conversation | |
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| Position Papers and Constructive Conversation | |
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| Discourse Communities | |
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| Negotiating Community Boundaries | |
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| Remembering, Questioning, Generalizing | |
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| Mining the Past | |
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| Reminiscence | |
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| Example Reminiscence: "Arnie and the FBI" | |
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| A Family Story | |
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| Example Family Story: "I Like Ike" | |
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| Accounting for Change | |
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| Example Accounting for Change: "How I Got to College" | |
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| Collaborative Learning | |
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| Personal Experience Story: Practice Analysis | |
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| Personal Experience Story: Exchange and Analysis | |
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| Free Writing (Brainstorming) | |
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| Collaborative Learning | |
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| Task Collaborative Brainstorming | |
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| Drawing on What You Have Learned | |
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| Recalling Something You Have Learned | |
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| Example Recalling Something You Have Learned: "What I Learned in Film 1" | |
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| Example Essay: "The Role of Planning in Making Films" | |
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| Analyzing Something You Have Read | |
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| Collaborative Learning | |
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| Collaborative Learning | |
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| Task Topic Interviews | |
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| Questioning and Generalizing | |
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| Some Ways to Question and Generalize | |
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| What to Do | |
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| Make a List | |
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| Choose and Restate | |
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| Choose and Discard | |
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| Collaborative Learning | |
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| Task Issues and Generalizations | |
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| Writing Position Papers | |
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| Two Reasons | |
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| Think of a Topic | |
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| Think of a Tentative Proposition | |
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| Think of Ways to Explore, Explain, or Defend Your Position | |
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| Write a Tentative Proposition and Explore, Explain, or Defend It in the Form the Assignment Requires | |
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| Write an Introduction | |
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| Check the Paragraph Transitions | |
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| Write a Descriptive Outline and Revise | |
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| Read the Essay Aloud and Polish It | |
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| Make a Final Copy | |
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| Collaborative Learning | |
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| Reading Aloud | |
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| Essay Exchange and Peer Conference | |
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| Example Essay: "To Number or Not to Number" | |
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| Example Essay: "Haiti: The Need to Unite" | |
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| Nestorian Order | |
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| Collaborative Learning | |
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| Reading Aloud | |
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| Essay Exchange and Peer Conference | |
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| Example Essay: "The Sea Gull: A Great Play Makes a Bad Movie" | |
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| Example Essay: "Euthanasia: A Violation of Human Life" | |
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| Straw Man | |
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| Collaborative Learning | |
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| Reading Aloud | |
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| Essay Exchange and Peer Conference | |
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| Example Essay: "Keep NASA Going" | |
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| Straw Man and One Reason | |
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| Collaborative Learning | |
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| Reading Aloud | |
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| Essay Exchange and Peer Conference | |
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| Example Essay: "A Flood of Debate" | |
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| Concession | |
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| Collaborative Learning | |
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| Reading Aloud | |
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| Essay Exchange and Peer Conference | |
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| Example Essay: "Project Head Start" | |
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| Example Essay: "The Blessings of Urbanization" | |
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| Notes for Part Two: Critical Issues in Writing Position Papers | |
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| Topics | |
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| Introductions | |
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| Warming Up | |
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| Writing an Introduction | |
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| Some Types of Introductions | |
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| Collaborative Learning | |
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| Task Descriptive Outline of an Introduction | |
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| Propositions | |
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| Unclear Propositions | |
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| How to Test a Proposition | |
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| Proposition Pitfalls | |
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| Wordiness | |
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| Bifurcation | |
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| Describing the Argument | |
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| Weak Verbs | |
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| Collaborative Learning | |
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| Testing Propositions | |
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| Questions That Sentences Raise | |
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| Reasons | |
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| Examples as Reasons | |
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| Narrative Conversation: What It Is, What It's For | |
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| Reasoning Conversation: What It Is, What It's For | |
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| Putting Examples in Context | |
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| Constructing a Strong Defense | |
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| Collaborative Learning | |
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| A Hook-and-Box Diagram of a Descriptive Outline | |
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| A Hook-and-Box Diagram of an Essay | |
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| Constructing Reasons | |
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| Paragraph Development | |
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| How to Develop a Paragraph | |
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| Reading Well-Developed Paragraphs | |
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| Collaborative Learning | |
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| Developing a Paragraph (Developing Operative Words) | |
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| Reading a Well-Developed Essay | |
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| Unity and Coherence | |
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| Coherence Between Paragraphs | |
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| Unity and Coherence Within Paragraphs | |
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| Examples of Disunity and Incoherence | |
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| Organizing for Coherence | |
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| Direction Signals: Transitional Words and Phrases | |
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| Testing for Unity and Coherence | |
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| Collaborative Learning | |
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| Testing for Unity | |
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| Testing for Unity and Coherence | |
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| Direction Signals | |
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| Paragraph Organization Game | |
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| Paragraph Organization Game | |
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| Reorganizing a Paragraph | |
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| "But Why Can't I Write a 'Conclusion'?" | |
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| Assumptions | |
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| Discovering Assumptions | |
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| Allowable Assumptions | |
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| Danger: Unallowable Assumptions | |
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| Collaborative Learning | |
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| Task Discovering Assumptions | |
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| Style | |
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| Talking Constructively About Style | |
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| How to Improve Awkward Style | |
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| Collaborative Learning | |
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| Simplifying Sentences | |
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| Muddling Sentences | |
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| Testing Sentence Length | |
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| Learning Formal Organization: The Crunch | |
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| Constructive Reading | |
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| Reading Aloud | |
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| Why Read Aloud? | |
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| When and How to Read Aloud | |
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| Anonymity | |
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| Descriptive Outlines | |
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| Reading and Rewriting Descriptive Outlines and How to Use Them | |
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| What an Essay Says | |
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| An Example | |
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| Testing Says Statements | |
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| What an Essay Does | |
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| Basic Does Statements | |
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| Detailed Does Statements | |
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| Getting Ready to Write a Detailed Does Statement | |
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| Collaborative Learning | |
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| Practice Descriptive Outline: Short Essays | |
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| Practice Descriptive Outline of a Paragraph | |
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| Writing Descriptive Outlines by Ear | |
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| Practice Descriptive Outline: Long Essays | |
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| Descriptive Outline Conference | |
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| Peer Review | |
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| What Peer Review Is Not: Grading Versus Evaluation | |
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| What Is Peer Review? | |
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| Learning to Write Peer Reviews | |
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| Collaborative Learning | |
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| Practice Descriptive Peer Review | |
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| Example Essay: "Acting is Believing" | |
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| Essay Exchange and Descriptive Peer Review | |
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| Accepting Authority in Evaluative Peer Review | |
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| Analysis of an Example Descriptive and Evaluative Peer Review | |
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| Example Descriptive and Evaluative Peer Review | |
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| Example Essay: "The Issues Surrounding Electronic Music" | |
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| Example Peer Review Eric Miller | |
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| Practice Descriptive and Evaluative Peer Review | |
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| Essay Exchange and Descriptive and Evaluative Peer Review | |
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| Essay Exchange and Descriptive, Evaluative, and Substantive Peer Review | |
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| Reaching Out to Members of Other Communities | |
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| Speaking Other People's Language | |
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| Talking About Elephants | |
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| Writing Across Community Boundaries | |
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| Contexts of Issues, Shareable Concerns | |
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| What an Introduction Does | |
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| Collaborative Learning | |
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| Acknowledging Differences | |
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| Doing Something About Differences as a Reader | |
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| Doing Something About Differences as a Writer | |
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| What an Ending Does | |
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| Experiment in Ending | |
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| Collaborative Learning | |
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| Practice Alternative Endings | |
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| Reading Aloud | |
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| Example Essay: "The People's Health" | |
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| Four-Paragraph Essay | |
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| Collaborative Learning | |
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| Reading Aloud | |
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| Essay Exchange and Peer Conference | |
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| Example Essay: "Proteins and Health" | |
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| Example Essay: "What Should Patients Be Told?" | |
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| Notes for Part Four: Putting Position Papers to Good Use | |
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| Other Ways to End an Essay | |
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| Writing Essay Exams | |
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| Example Essay Exam | |
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| Example Essay Answer: "Sharp's Social Power" | |
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| Adapting Short Course Form for Many Uses | |
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| Length: Term Papers and Other Long Writing Assignments | |
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| Example Essay: "The Inescapable Guilt of Lieutenant Calley" | |
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| Efficiency: Writing in Business and the Professions | |
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| Example Essay Memo: "Kingsgate High School" | |
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| Example Essay Memo: "McKay, Trepp Inc." | |
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| Research and Research Writing | |
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| What Is Research? | |
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| Research Writing | |
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| The Purpose of These Research Exercises | |
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| Choosing a Book | |
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| Book List for Exercises 12-16 | |
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| Basic Descriptive Outline of a Book | |
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| Writing a Basic Descriptive Outline of a Book | |
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| Example Descriptive Outline of a Book: "Descriptive Outline of Austin T. Turk, Political Criminality" | |
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| Book Review: Evaluative Judgment | |
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| Collaborative Learning | |
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| Reading Aloud | |
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| Review Exchange and Peer Conference | |
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| Example Book Review: "Aspects of Political Crime" | |
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| Report On A Review Of The Reviews: Simple Synthesis | |
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| Research: Reading the Reviews, Getting Ready to Write | |
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| Synthesis: Writing a Review of the Reviews | |
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| Using Quotations | |
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| Citation Guide | |
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| How to Find Book Reviews | |
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| Collaborative Learning | |
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| Using Bibliographic Resources | |
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| Finding Book Reviews | |
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| Reading a Review | |
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| Reading Aloud | |
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| Review Exchange and Peer Conference | |
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| Example Review of the Reviews: "Reviews of Austin Turk's Political Criminality" | |
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| Report On The Context Of Issues: Complex Synthesis | |
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| Collaborative Learning | |
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| Reading Aloud | |
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| Report Exchange and Peer Conference | |
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| Example Essay: "The Issues Surrounding Political Criminality" | |
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| Essay: Judgmental Synthesis | |
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| Collaborative Learning | |
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| Reading Aloud | |
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| Essay Exchange and Peer Conference | |
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| Example Essay: "Has Individuality Run Amok?" | |
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| A Course for Writing Peer Tutors | |
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| Why Peer Tutoring? Why a Peer Tutoring Course? | |
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| Why Should Writing Peer Tutors Write? | |
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| Results | |
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| Teaching Peer Tutors | |
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| A Sample Syllabus | |
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| Notes | |
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| Peer Tutors On Peer Tutoring | |
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| "Learning to Write Peer Reviews" | |
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| "The Hardest Part of Tutoring" | |
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| "What Tutors Can Learn" | |
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| "The Tutoring Trade" | |
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| "The Proper Atmosphere" | |
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| Collaborative Learning | |
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| First Essay for Peer Tutoring Practice | |
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| Peer Tutoring Practice Essay: "Industrialization and Modernization in Two Latin American Short Stories" | |
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| Second Essay for Peer Tutoring Practice | |
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| Peer Tutoring Practice Essay: "Reality" | |
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| "Reality" | |
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| Anthology of Student Essays | |
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| "Family and School" | |
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| "Growing Up on Spock" | |
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| "Going Back to School" | |
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| "The Benefits of a Writing Community" | |
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| "Stock Options" | |
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| "On Revoking the Second Amendment" | |
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| "Drug Testing in Sports" | |
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| "The Pluralist Model of Power and Modern Society" | |
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| "Mitosis" | |
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| "Gene Manipulation and Huxley's Brave New World" | |
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| "No One Knows Anything" | |
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| "Homer's Use of the Gods in the Iliad" | |
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| Anthology of Professional Essays | |
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| "Examsmanship and the Liberal Arts: A Study in Educational Epistemology" | |
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| "The Indispensable Opposition" | |
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| "Aerodynamic Whistles" | |
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| "Substitutes for Violence" | |
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| Bibliography | |
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| Acknowledgments | |
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| Index of Collaborative Learning Tasks | |