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Foreword | |
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Preface | |
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Parties and Party Systems | |
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What Are Political Parties? | |
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A Three-Part Definition of Parties | |
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What Parties Do | |
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The Effects of Party Activity | |
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How Do Parties Differ from Other Political Groups? | |
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How the American Parties Developed | |
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The Emergence of a National Two-Party System | |
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What Do the Parties Stand For? | |
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Parties Are Shaped by Their Environment | |
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The American Two-Party System | |
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The National Party System | |
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The 50 State Party Systems | |
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What Causes a Two-Party System? | |
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Exceptions to the Two-Party Pattern | |
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Will the Two-Party System Continue? | |
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The Political Party as an Organization | |
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The State and Local Party Organizations | |
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What Is a "Strong" Party? | |
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The Legal Environment of the Parties | |
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Levels of Party Organization | |
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The Legendary Party Machines | |
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Local Party Organizations Declined and Then Rebuilt | |
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The State Parties: Newfound Prosperity | |
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Summing Up: How the State and Local Party Organizations Have Transformed | |
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The Parties' National Organizations | |
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The National Parties | |
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Other National Party Groups | |
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Two Paths to Power | |
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What Is the Impact of These Stronger National Parties? | |
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The Limits of Party Organization | |
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Party Activists | |
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What Draws People into Party Activity? | |
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How Do Parties Recruit Activists? | |
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What Kinds of People Become Party Activists? | |
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Party Activists and Democracy | |
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The Political Party in the Electorate | |
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Party Identification | |
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How People Develop Party Identifications | |
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Patterns of Partisanship Over Time | |
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Party Identification and Political Views | |
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Party Identification and Voting | |
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Party Identification and Political Activity | |
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Party Identification and Attitudes Toward the Parties | |
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The Myth of the Independent | |
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Change in the Impact of Party ID | |
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Party Coalitions and Party Change | |
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The American Party Systems | |
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The Social Bases of Party Coalitions | |
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Issues Are Central to the Parties' Coalitions | |
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The Development of the Sixth Party System | |
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Who Votes-and Why It Matters | |
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The Low Turnout in American Elections | |
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The Expanding Right to Vote | |
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Legal Barriers to Voting | |
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The Special Case of Voting Rights for African Americans | |
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Political Influences on Turnout | |
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Turnout: Individual Differences | |
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Why Isn't Voter Turnout Even Higher? | |
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Why Do These Changes in Turnout Matter? | |
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The Challenge to the Parties | |
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Parties, Nominations, and Elections | |
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How Parties Choose Candidates | |
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How the Nomination Process Evolved | |
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The Current Mix of Primaries and Conventions | |
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Types of Primaries | |
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Why Does the Type of Primary Matter? | |
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How Candidates Qualify | |
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What Parties Don't Like About Primaries | |
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The Party Organization Fights Back | |
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Candidates and Voters in the Primaries | |
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The Impact of the Direct Primary | |
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Choosing the Presidential Nominees | |
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The Move to Presidential Primaries | |
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The Race to Win Delegate Votes | |
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Voters' Choices in Presidential Nominations | |
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On to the National Conventions | |
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Who Are the Delegates? | |
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How Media Cover Conventions | |
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Do Conventions Still Have a Purpose? | |
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Should We Reform the Reforms? | |
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The General Election | |
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Elections: The Rules Affect the Results | |
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Campaign Strategy | |
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How Campaigning Has Changed | |
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Do Campaigns Make a Difference? | |
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Candidate-Centered or Party-Centered Campaigns? | |
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Financing the Campaigns | |
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How Much Money Is Spent on Campaigns? | |
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What Is the Impact of Campaign Spending? | |
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Where Does the Money Come From? | |
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Money in State and Local Campaigns | |
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Reform of the Campaign Finance Rules | |
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The Loopholes That Ate the Reforms | |
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What Did the 1970s Reforms Accomplish? | |
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Money in American Politics | |
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The Party in Government | |
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Parties in Congress and State Legislatures | |
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How the Parties Are Organized in Congress | |
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Methods of Party Influence | |
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Party Influence on Legislative Voting | |
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Comparing Party Power in Congress and State Legislatures | |
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The Power of Legislative Parties | |
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The Party in the Executive and the Courts | |
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President and Governor as Party Leaders | |
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Party Leadership and Legislative Relations | |
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Party Influence in Executive Agencies | |
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Traces of Party in the Courts | |
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The Party Within the Executive and the Judge | |
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The Semi-Responsible Parties | |
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The Case for Responsible Party Government | |
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The Case Against Party Government | |
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Party Cohesion and Ideology | |
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Ideology and the American Voter | |
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When Is Party Government Most Likely? | |
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Party Government and Popular Control | |
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The Place of Parties in American Politics | |
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Parties and Their Environment | |
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Party Decline in the 1960s and 1970s | |
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Party Renewal | |
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The Future of Party Politics in America | |
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Conclusion: The Parties' Prospects | |
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Party Politics on the Internet | |
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Appendix | |
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Endnotes | |
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Index | |