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| Preface for Students | |
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| Preface for Instructors | |
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| Writing Process | |
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| The Writing Situation | |
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| Assessment | |
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| Subject | |
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| Audience | |
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| Purpose | |
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| Invention | |
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| Journal keeping | |
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| Observing | |
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| Freewriting | |
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| Brainstorming | |
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| Clustering | |
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| Asking questions | |
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| Thesis and Organization | |
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| Thesis statement | |
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| Organization | |
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| Drafting | |
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| Starting to draft | |
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| Maintaining momentum | |
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| Sample first draft | |
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| Revising and Editing | |
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| Revising the whole essay | |
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| Sample revision | |
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| Editing the revised draft | |
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| Formatting and proofreading | |
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| Sample Final Draft | |
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| Collaborating | |
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| Preparing a writing portfolio | |
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| Paragraphs | |
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| Unity | |
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| Coherence | |
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| Development | |
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| Introductions and conclusions | |
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| Document Design | |
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| Academic papers | |
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| Principles of design | |
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| Elements of design | |
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| Illustrations | |
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| Readers with disabilities | |
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| Writing in and out of College | |
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| Academic Writing | |
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| Becoming an academic writer | |
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| Audience | |
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| Purpose | |
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| Structure and format | |
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| Language | |
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| Study Skills | |
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| Time management | |
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| Listening and note taking in class | |
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| Reading | |
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| Exams | |
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| Critical Thinking and Reading | |
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| Reading texts | |
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| Viewing images | |
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| Argument | |
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| Elements of argument | |
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| Reasonableness | |
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| Organization | |
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| Visual arguments | |
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| Sample Argument | |
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| Online Writing | |
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| Electronic mail | |
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| Online collaboration | |
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| Web compositions | |
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| Oral Presentations | |
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| Organization | |
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| Delivery | |
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| Public Writing | |
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| Business letters and resumes: Sample Letter and Resume | |
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| Memos, reports, and proposals: Sample Memo and Report | |
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| Community work: Sample Flyer, Newsletter, and Brochure | |
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| Clarity and Style | |
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| Emphasis | |
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| Effective subjects and verbs | |
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| Sentence beginnings and endings | |
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| Coordination | |
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| Subordination | |
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| Parallelism | |
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| With and, but, or, nor, yet | |
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| With both ... and, not ... but, etc. | |
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| In comparisons | |
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| With lists, headings, and outlines | |
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| Variety and Details | |
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| Sentence length | |
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| Sentence structure | |
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| Details | |
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| Appropriate and Exact Language | |
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| Appropriate language | |
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| Exact language | |
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| Completeness | |
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| Compounds | |
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| Needed words | |
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| Conciseness | |
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| Focusing on subject and verb | |
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| Cutting empty words | |
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| Cutting repetition | |
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| Reducing clauses and phrases | |
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| Cutting there is or it is | |
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| Combining sentences | |
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| Rewriting jargon | |
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| Sentence Parts and Patterns | |
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| Basic Grammar | |
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| Parts of Speech | |
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| Nouns | |
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| Pronouns | |
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| Verbs | |
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| Adjectives and adverbs | |
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| Prepositions and conjunctions | |
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| Interjections | |
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| The Sentence | |
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| Subject and predicate | |
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| Predicate patterns | |
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| Phrases and Subordinate Clauses | |
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| Phrases | |
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| Subordinate clauses | |
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| Sentence Types | |
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| Simple sentences | |
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| Compound sentences | |
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| Complex sentences | |
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| Compound-complex sentences | |
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| Verbs | |
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| Forms | |
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| Sing/sang/sung and other irregular verbs | |
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| Sit/set; lie/lay; rise/raise | |
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| -s and -ed forms | |
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| Be, have, and other helping verbs | |
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| Verb + gerund or infinitive: stop eating vs. stop to eat | |
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| Verb + particle: look up, look over, etc. | |
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| Tenses | |
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| Present tense: sing | |
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| Perfect tenses: have/had/will have sung | |
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| Progressive tenses: is/was/will be singing | |
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| Consistency | |
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| Sequence | |
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| Mood | |
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| Subjunctive: I wish I were | |
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| Consistency | |
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| Voice | |
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| She wrote it (active) vs. It was written (passive) | |
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| Consistency | |
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| Subject-Verb Agreement | |
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| -s and -es endings | |
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| Intervening words | |
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| Subjects with and | |
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| Subjects with or or nor | |
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| Everyone and other indefinite pronouns | |
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| Team and other collective nouns | |
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| Who, which, that | |
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| News and other singular nouns ending in -s | |
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| Inverted word order | |
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| Is, are, and other linking verbs | |
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| Titles and words being defined | |
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| Pronouns | |
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| Case | |
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| She and I vs. her and me | |
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| It was she vs. It was her | |
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| Who vs. whom | |
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| Other constructions | |
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| Pronoun-Antecedent Agreement | |
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| Antecedents with and | |
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| Antecedents with or or nor | |
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| Everyone, person, and other indefinite words | |
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| Team and other collective nouns | |
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| Pronoun Reference | |
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| Clear reference | |
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| Close reference | |
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| Specific reference | |
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| Definite it and they | |
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| Appropriate you | |
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| Consistency | |
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| Modifiers | |
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| Adjectives and Adverbs | |
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| Adjective vs. adverb | |
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| Adjective with linking verb: felt bad | |
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| Bigger, most talented, and other comparisons | |
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| Double negatives | |
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| Present and past participles: boring vs. bored | |
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| A, an, the, and other determiners | |
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| Misplaced and Dangling Modifiers | |
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| Misplaced modifiers | |
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| Dangling modifiers | |
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| Sentence Faults | |
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| Fragments | |
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| Tests | |
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| Revision | |
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| Acceptable fragments | |
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| Comma Splices and Fused Sentences | |
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| Main clauses without and, but, etc. | |
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| Main clauses with however, for example, etc. | |
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| Mixed Sentences | |
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| Reason is because and other mixed meanings | |
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| Tangled grammar | |
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| Repeated subjects and other parts | |
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| Punctuation | |
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| End Punctuation | |
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| Period | |
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| Question mark | |
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| Exclamation point | |
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| Comma | |
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| Main clauses with and, but, etc. | |
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| Introductory elements | |
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| Nonessential elements | |
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| Items in a series | |
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| Two or more adjectives | |
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| Dates, addresses, place names, numbers | |
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| With quotations | |
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| Misuses | |
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| Semicolon | |
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| Main clauses without and, but, etc. | |
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| Main clauses with however, for example, etc. | |
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| Main clauses or series items with commas | |
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| Misuses | |
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| Colon | |
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| Concluding explanation, series, etc. | |
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| Salutation; title and subtitle; time | |
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| Misuses | |
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| Apostrophe | |
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| Possession | |
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| Misuses | |
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| Contractions | |
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| Plural abbreviations, etc. | |
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| Quotation Marks | |
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| Direct quotations | |
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| Within quotations | |
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| Dialog | |
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| Titles of works | |
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| Words used in a special sense | |
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| Misuses | |
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| With other punctuation | |
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| Other Marks | |
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| Dash or dashes | |
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| Parentheses | |
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| Ellipsis mark | |
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| Brackets | |
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| Slash | |
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| Spelling and Mechanics | |
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| Spelling and the Hyphen | |
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| Typical spelling problems | |
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| Spelling rules | |
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| The hyphen | |
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| Capital Letters | |
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| First word of sentence | |
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| Proper nouns and adjectives | |
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| Titles of works | |
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| Online communication | |
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| Underlining or Italics | |
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| Underlining vs. italics | |
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| Titles of works | |
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| Names of vehicles | |
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| Foreign words | |
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| Words or characters named as words | |
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| Emphasis | |
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| Online communication | |
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| Abbreviations | |
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| Titles with proper names | |
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| Familiar abbreviations | |
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| BC, BCE, AD, CE, AM, PM, no., $ | |
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| Latin abbreviations | |
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| Inc., Bros., Co., & | |
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| Units of measurement, names, etc. | |
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| Numbers | |
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| Numerals vs. words | |
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| Dates, addresses, etc. | |
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| Beginning sentences | |
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| Research Writing | |
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| Research Strategy | |
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| Planning | |
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| Research journal | |
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| Researchable subject and question | |
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| Goals for sources | |
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| Working, annotated bibliography | |
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| Finding Sources | |
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| Searching electronically | |
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| Reference works | |
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| Books | |
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| Periodicals | |
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| The Web | |
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| Other online sources | |
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| Government publications | |
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| Images | |
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| Your own sources | |
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| Working with Sources | |
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| Evaluating sources | |
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| Synthesizing sources | |
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| Gathering information | |
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| Using summary, paraphrase, quotation | |
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| Integrating sources | |
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| Avoiding Plagiarism and Documenting Sources | |
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| Plagiarism and the Internet | |
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| What not to acknowledge | |
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| What must be acknowledged | |
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| Online sources | |
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| Documenting sources | |
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| Writing the Paper | |
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| Focusing and organizing | |
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| Drafting, revising, and formatting | |
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| Writing in the Disciplines | |
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| Goals and Requirements of the Disciplines | |
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| Methods and evidence | |
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| Writing assignments | |
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| Tools and language | |
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| Documentation and format | |
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| Reading and Writing About Literature | |
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| Methods and evidence | |
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| Writing assignments | |
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| Tools and language | |
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| Documentation and format | |
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| Sample Literary Analysis | |
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| Writing in Other Disciplines | |
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| Humanities | |
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| Social sciences | |
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| Natural and applied sciences | |
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| MLA Documentation and Format | |
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| Indexes to models | |
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| Parenthetical text citations | |
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| List of works cited | |
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| Format of paper | |
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| Sample MLA Paper | |
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| APA Documentation and Format | |
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| Indexes to models | |
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| Parenthetical text citations | |
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| List of references | |
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| Format of paper | |
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| Sample APA Paper | |
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| Chicago Documentation | |
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| Index to models | |
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| Notes and works-cited entries | |
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| Models | |
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| CSE Documentation | |
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| Index to models | |
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| Name-year citations | |
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| Numbered text citations | |
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| List of references | |
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| Glossary of Usage | |
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| Index | |