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Finding What You Need | |
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Introduction: The Process of Writing | |
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The writing situation | |
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Development and focus | |
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Revision | |
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Source documentation | |
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Editing and proofreading | |
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Effective Sentences: Checklist | |
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Emphasis | |
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Subjects and verbs | |
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Sentence beginnings and endings | |
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Coordination | |
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Subordination | |
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Conciseness | |
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Focusing on subject and verb | |
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Cutting empty words | |
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Cutting unneeded repetition | |
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Reducing clauses and phrases | |
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Cutting there is or it is | |
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Combining sentences | |
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Parallelism | |
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With and, but, or, nor, yet | |
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With both...and, either...or, etc. | |
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With lists, headings, outlines | |
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Variety and Details | |
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Varied sentence lengths and structures | |
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Details | |
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Appropriate Words | |
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Nonstandard dialect | |
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Slang | |
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Colloquial language | |
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Technical words | |
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Indirect and pretentious writing | |
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Sexist and other biased language | |
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Exact Words | |
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Right word for meaning | |
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Concrete and specific words | |
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Idioms | |
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Cliches | |
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Grammatical Sentences: Checklist | |
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Verbs | |
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Forms | |
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Sing/sang/sung and other irregular verbs | |
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Helping verbs | |
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Verb + gerund or infinitive | |
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Verb + particle | |
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Tenses | |
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Present tense (sing) | |
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Perfect tenses (have/had/will have sung) | |
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Consistency | |
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Sequence | |
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Mood | |
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Subjunctive (I wish I were) | |
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Consistency | |
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Voice | |
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She wrote it (active) vs. It was written (passive) | |
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Consistency | |
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Subject-Verb Agreement | |
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-s ending for noun or verb | |
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Words between subject and verb | |
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Subjects with and | |
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Subjects with or or nor | |
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Everyone and other indefinite pronouns | |
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Team and other collective nouns | |
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Who, which, that | |
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News and other singular nouns ending in -s | |
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Inverted word order | |
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Is, are, and other linking verbs | |
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Pronouns | |
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Forms | |
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She and I vs. her and me | |
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It was she vs. It was her | |
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Who vs. whom | |
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Other constructions | |
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Pronoun-Antecedent Agreement | |
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Antecedents with and | |
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Antecedents with or or nor | |
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Everyone, person, and other indefinite words | |
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Team and other collective nouns | |
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Pronoun Reference | |
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Single antecedent | |
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Close antecedent | |
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Specific antecedent | |
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Consistency | |
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Modifiers | |
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Adjectives and Adverbs | |
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Adjective vs. adverb | |
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Adjective with linking verb: felt bad | |
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Bigger, most talented, and other comparisons | |
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Double negatives | |
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Present and past participles: boring vs. bored | |
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Articles: a, an, the | |
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Misplaced and Dangling Modifiers | |
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Misplaced modifiers | |
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Dangling modifiers | |
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Sentence Faults | |
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Fragments | |
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Tests | |
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Revision | |
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Comma Splices and Fused Sentences | |
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Main clauses without and, but, etc. | |
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Main clauses related by however, for example, etc. | |
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Punctuation: Checklist | |
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The Comma | |
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And, but, or, nor, for, so, yet | |
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Introductory elements | |
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Interrupting and concluding elements | |
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Series | |
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Adjectives | |
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Dates, addresses, place names, numbers | |
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Quotations | |
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The Semicolon | |
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Main clauses | |
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However, for example, etc. | |
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Series | |
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The Colon | |
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For introduction | |
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Salutations, titles and subtitles, time | |
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The Apostrophe | |
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Possessives | |
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Misuses: plural noun, singular verb, personal pronoun | |
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Contractions | |
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Plural abbreviations, etc. | |
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Quotation Marks | |
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Direct quotations | |
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Titles of works | |
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Words used in a special sense | |
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With other punctuation | |
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End Punctuation | |
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Period | |
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Question mark | |
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Exclamation point | |
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Other Marks | |
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Dash or dashes | |
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Parentheses | |
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Ellipsis mark | |
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Brackets | |
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Slash | |
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Spelling and Mechanics: Checklist | |
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Spelling and the Hyphen | |
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Spelling checkers | |
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Spelling rules | |
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The hyphen | |
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Capital Letters | |
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First word of sentence | |
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Proper nouns and adjectives | |
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Titles and subtitles of works | |
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Titles of persons | |
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Online communication | |
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Underlining or Italics | |
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Underlining vs. italics | |
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Titles of works | |
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Ships, aircraft, spacecraft, trains | |
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Foreign words and phrases | |
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Words or characters named as words | |
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Online alternatives | |
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Abbreviations | |
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Familiar abbreviations | |
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Latin abbreviations | |
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Words usually spelled out | |
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Numbers | |
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Numerals, not words | |
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Words, not numerals | |
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Research and Documentation: Checklist | |
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Research Strategy | |
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Subject, question, thesis | |
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Goals for sources | |
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Information gathering | |
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Working bibliography | |
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Finding Sources | |
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Electronic searches | |
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Reference works | |
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Books | |
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Periodicals | |
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The Web | |
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Online communication | |
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Government publications | |
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Your own sources | |
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Evaluating and Synthesizing Sources | |
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Evaluation | |
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Synthesis | |
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Integrating Sources into Your Text | |
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Summary, paraphrase, direct quotation | |
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Introduction and interpretation of source material | |
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Clear boundaries for source material | |
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Avoiding Plagiarism and Documenting Sources | |
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Plagiarism and the Internet | |
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What not to acknowledge | |
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What must be acknowledged | |
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Online sources | |
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Source documentation | |
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MLA Documentation and Format | |
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Parenthetical text citations | |
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List of works cited | |
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Paper format | |
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Sample pages | |
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APA Documentation and Format | |
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Parenthetical text citations | |
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Reference list | |
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Paper format | |
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Sample pages | |
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Chicago Documentation and Format | |
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Notes and list of works cited | |
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Models | |
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Paper format | |
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Sample pages | |
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CSE Documentation | |
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Name-year text citations | |
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Numbered text citations | |
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Reference list | |
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Special Writing Situations | |
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Designing Documents | |
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Academic papers | |
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Clear and effective documents | |
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Writing Online | |
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Electronic mail | |
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Web composition | |
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Making Oral Presentations | |
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Organization | |
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Delivery | |
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Writing for Business | |
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Job-application letter | |
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Resume | |
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Memo | |
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Glossary of Usage | |
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Glossary of Terms | |
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Index | |