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| Foreword | |
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| Preface to the Fifth Edition | |
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| Preface to the First Edition | |
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| Biographical Note | |
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| Budgeting as Conflicting Promises | |
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| Budgets Are Conflicting Commitments | |
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| Tax Preferences | |
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| Appropriations: The Power of Congress and Power Within Congress | |
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| The President Is Both Rival and Partner of Congress | |
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| Conflicting Promises: The Multiple Meanings of Budgetary Control | |
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| Budgets as Struggles for Power: A Historical Perspective | |
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| Colonial Origins | |
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| Turning Points: Civil War through World War I | |
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| The Executive Budget Movement | |
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| Dislocation and Continuity: Depression and War | |
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| The Dance of the Dollars: Classical Budgeting | |
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| Calculations | |
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| Complexity | |
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| Aids to Calculation | |
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| Incremental Budgeting | |
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| Roles and Perspectives | |
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| The Agency | |
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| The Bureau of the Budget | |
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| The Appropriations Committees | |
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| Strategies | |
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| Be a Good Politician | |
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| Clientele | |
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| Confidence | |
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| Congressional Committee Hearings | |
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| Strategies Designed to Capitalize on the Fragmentation of Power in National Politics | |
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| The Collapse of Consensus | |
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| The Growth of Entitlements | |
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| Economic Activism | |
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| Federal Credit | |
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| Priorities | |
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| Impoundment | |
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| The Budget Act: More Checks, More Balances, but Not More Control | |
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| Impoundment Again | |
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| Congressional Budget Office | |
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| Senate Budget Committee and House Budget Committee | |
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| Scheduling | |
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| Resolutions | |
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| Reconciliation | |
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| Complexity | |
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| A Congressional Budget, or Merely More Budgeting? | |
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| The Budget Process, 1975--1979: Making Totals Stick | |
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| Classical Budgeting Withers Without Quite Disappearing | |
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| The Politics of Dissensus | |
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| Why Budget Decisions Became So Difficult | |
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| The Focus on Totals | |
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| The End of Economic Management | |
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| Dominance of the Deficit | |
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| Polarization of the Parties | |
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| The Congressional Budget Act in the 1980s | |
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| R and R: Resolution and Reconciliation | |
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| Deferral and Rescission Redux | |
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| The Shifting Budgetary Base | |
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| Continuing Omnibus Resolutions | |
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| OMB in an Era of Perennial Budgeting | |
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| Top-Down Policy Making | |
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| Continuous Budgeting | |
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| Negotiating with Congress | |
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| Implications for OMB | |
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| Dissensus in Congress | |
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| Role Reversal | |
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| Rolled on the Floor | |
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| Budgeting Penetrates Congress | |
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| Gimmicks | |
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| The Politics of Balancing Budgets | |
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| Gramm-Rudman-Hollings | |
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| The Budget Enforcement Act of 1990 | |
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| The Clinton Budget of 1993 | |
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| The Politics of Radical Reversal 1995 | |
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| Prologue: Constitutional Amendment and Rescission | |
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| Budgets and Counterbudgets: The President's Budget and the Congressional Resolution | |
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| Incrementalism in Mirror Image: Appropriations | |
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| Confrontation: Continuing Resolutions and the Debt Limit | |
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| Reconciliation and Intransigence | |
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| The Balanced Budget Act of 1997 | |
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| Entitlements | |
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| The "Ought" and "Is" of Entitlements | |
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| Entitlements and Budgeting | |
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| How Do Entitlements Start? | |
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| Why Do Entitlements Grow? | |
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| Maintaining Commitment: Social Security | |
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| Escalating Costs: Medicare | |
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| Expanding Eligibility: Medicaid | |
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| Provider Pressures: End-Stage Renal Disease | |
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| How Have Entitlements Been Controlled? | |
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| Declining Need: Black Lung Disease | |
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| Ending an Entitlement: Welfare | |
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| Entitlements and Others | |
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| Appropriations: Head Start and WIC | |
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| Tax Expenditures: Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC) | |
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| Formula Grants to States: Adoption Assistance Program, Individuals With Disabilities Education Act, and the Ryan White Care Act | |
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| Budgeting for Defense | |
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| Dimensions of Defense | |
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| Defense Strategy and Funding | |
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| The Internal Budget Process | |
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| Planning, Programming, Budgeting | |
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| Acquisitions | |
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| The Congressional Budget Process | |
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| Reprogramming | |
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| Secrecy | |
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| Cuts | |
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| Contingencies | |
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| Reform | |
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| Norms of Budgetary Behavior | |
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| Forms of Budgeting | |
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| Reform Without Conflict | |
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| The Politics in Budget Reform | |
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| Unit of Measurement: Cash or Volume | |
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| Time Span: Months, One Year, Many Years | |
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| Calculation: Incremental or Comprehensive | |
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| Management Reforms | |
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| Performance and Budgeting | |
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| Centralization and Decentralization: The Role of OMB | |
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| Credit Reform | |
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| Financial Management | |
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| Capital Budgeting | |
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| Limits | |
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| The Line-Item Veto | |
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| From Surplus to Deficit | |
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| The Disappearing Deficit | |
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| The Politics of Budget Surplus | |
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| The End of the Surplus | |
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| Afterword | |
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| Characteristics of the Budget Process | |
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| The Budgetary Process Is Powerful Yet Impotent | |
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| The Budgetary Process Is Structured Yet Formalistic | |
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| The Budgetary Process Is Complex Yet Segmented | |
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| Budgetary Politics Are Polarized but Moderated | |
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| Glossary | |
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| Guide to Acronyms | |
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| Select Bibliography | |
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| Credits | |
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| Index | |