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| Preface | |
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| How Psychologists Study Learning | |
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| Learning in School | |
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| Learning in the Laboratory | |
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| The Nature of Learning Theories | |
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| Variables and Laws | |
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| Abstraction | |
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| What Are Learning Theories? | |
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| Two Early Connectionist Theories | |
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| Pavlov's Conditioning | |
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| Thorndike's Early Connectionism | |
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| Contiguity Interpretations of Learning | |
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| Watson's Behaviorism | |
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| Guthrie's One-Principle System | |
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| Guthrie and Watson as Contiguity Theorists | |
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| Hull's Formal Theory Building | |
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| The Postulational Method of Theory Construction | |
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| The Theory | |
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| Strengths and Weaknesses of Hull's System | |
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| Hull's Influence on Other Theorists | |
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| Skinner's Form of Behaviorism | |
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| The Basic Elements of Skinner's System | |
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| The Effects of Reinforcers | |
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| Applications and Implications of Skinner's System | |
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| Behavior Modification | |
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| Education | |
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| Other Applications | |
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| Skinner's Relation to Other Psychologists | |
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| Early European Cognitive Theory | |
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| Gestalt Theory | |
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| Piaget and Cognitive Development | |
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| Early American Cognitive Theory | |
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| Tolman's Purposive Behaviorism | |
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| Tolman's Continuing Influence | |
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| The Cognitive Revolution | |
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| Cognitions, Computers, and Production Systems | |
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| Computers and Learning Theory | |
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| Anderson's ACT Theory | |
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| Later Cognitive and Mixed Interpretations | |
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| Cognitive Interpretation of Classical Conditioning | |
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| Cognitive Behavioral Therapy | |
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| Explanatory Styles | |
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| The Structure of Learning | |
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| Bandura's Social Cognitive Theory | |
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| The New Connectionism | |
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| Problems with Computer Models | |
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| Network Models | |
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| Applications and Evaluation | |
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| Issues in Motivation | |
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| Interpretations of Drive and Reinforcement | |
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| Responses as Reinforcers | |
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| Cybernetics | |
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| Opponent-Process Theory | |
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| Heredity, Evolution, and Learning | |
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| Species-Specific Behavior | |
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| Preparedness | |
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| Implications for Learning Theory | |
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| The Place of Heredity in Behavior | |
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| Learning Theory Past, Present, and Future | |
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| Issues on Which Learning Theories Divide | |
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| Criteria for an Ideal Theory | |
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| The Present-Day Value of Learning Theories | |
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| Summary List of Theorists | |
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| Glossary | |
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| References | |
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| Index | |