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| Preface | |
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| The Rhetoric | |
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| Thinking and Writing-A Critical Connection | |
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| Thinking Made Visible | |
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| The Power of Writing Persuasively | |
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| Our Multicultural Society | |
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| Critical Thinking | |
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| Critical Thinking as Self-Defense | |
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| An Open Mind-Examining Your Worldview | |
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| Profile of a Critical Thinker | |
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| Reason, Intuition, and Imagination | |
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| Audience and Purpose | |
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| Writing as a Process | |
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| Strategies for Generating Ideas | |
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| The First Draft | |
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| The Time To Be Critical | |
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| One Writer's Process | |
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| He Or She? What You Can Expect from This Book | |
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| More Than One Approach | |
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| Collaboration | |
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| Sharpening Sentence Skills | |
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| Enjoying The Challenge Of Thinking And Writing | |
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| Inference - Critical Thought | |
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| What Is An Inference? How Reliable Is An Inference | |
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| What Is a Fact? Facts and Journalism | |
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| What Is a Judgement? Application to Writing | |
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| Achieving a Balance Between Inference and Facts | |
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| Facts Only | |
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| Selecting Facts | |
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| Inferences Only | |
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| Reading Critically | |
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| Making Inferences-Writing About Fiction | |
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| Summary | |
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| Key Terms | |
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| The Structure of Argument | |
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| Premises and Conclusions | |
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| Distinguishing Between Premises and Conclusions | |
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| Standard Form | |
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| Ambiguous Argument Structure | |
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| Argument and Explanation-Distinctions | |
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| Application to Writing | |
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| Argument Structure, Logical Essay Organization, and Revision | |
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| Summaries | |
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| Strategies for Writing a Summary | |
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| Logical Relationships Between Ideas-Joining Words | |
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| Choice of Joining Words | |
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| Revising For Coherence | |
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| Hidden Assumptions in Argument | |
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| Dangers of Hidden Assumptions | |
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| Hidden Assumptions and Standard Form | |
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| Hidden Assumptions and Audience Awareness | |
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| Written Argument | |
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| Focusing Your Topic | |
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| The Issue | |
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| The Question at Issue | |
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| The Thesis | |
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| Two Kinds of Thesis Statement | |
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| Shaping a Written Argument-Rhetorical Strategies | |
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| The Introduction | |
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| The Development of Your Argument | |
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| How Many Premises Should An Argument Have? The Conclusion | |
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| A Dialectal Approach To Argument | |
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| Addressing Counterarguments | |
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| How Much Counterargument? Refutation and Concession | |
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| Rogerian Strategy | |
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| When There Is No Other Side | |
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| Application To Writing | |
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| Logical Joining of Contrasting and Concessive Ideas | |
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| The Concessive Sentence | |
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| More on Coherence | |
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| Sample Essays | |
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| Four Approaches To Writing Arguments | |
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| Summary | |
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| Key Terms | |
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| The Language of Argument-Definition | |
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| Logical Definition | |
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| Definition and the Social Sciences | |
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| Definition and Perception | |
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| Language: An Abstract Form of Symbols | |
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| The Importance Of Specificity | |
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| The Manipulation Of Language | |
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| Stipulating Personal Meaning | |
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| Plato | |
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| Shakespeare | |
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| Ambrose Bierce | |
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| Inventing New Words to Fill a Need | |
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| Summary | |
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| Key Terms | |
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| Logical Fallacies | |
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| What Is A Fallacious Argument? Some Common Fallacies | |
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| Key Terms | |
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| Deductive And Inductive Argument | |
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| Key Distinctions | |
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| Necessity Versus Probability | |
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| From General To Specific, Specific To General | |
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| The Relationship Between Induction And Deduction | |
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| Deductive Reasoning | |
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| Class Logic | |
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| Relationship Between Classes | |
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| Class Logic and the Syllogism | |
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| A Note on Deduction and Written Argument | |
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| Inductive Reasoning | |
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| Generalization | |
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| The Direction of Inductive Reasoning | |
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| Testing Inductive Generalizations | |
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| Hasty Generalizations | |
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| Thinking Critically About Surveys and Statistics | |
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| Application To Writing | |
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| Deduction, Induction, and Organizational Patterns | |
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| Summary | |
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| Key Terms | |
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| The Language of Argument -- Style | |
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| Sentence Length | |
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| Appositives—A Strategy for Defining and Identifying Terms within the Sentence | |
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| Appositives and Argument | |
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| Parallelism | |
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| The Structure of Parallelism | |
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| Logic of Parallel Series | |
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| Emphasizing Ideas with Parallelism | |
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| Sentence Focus—Techniques for Sharpening the Flow o<$$$> | |