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| Preface | |
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| The Basics of Ethical Argument | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Motivations | |
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| Avoiding Bloodshed | |
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| Resisting Relativisim | |
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| Sidestepping Religion | |
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| Clarifying Your Position | |
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| Persuasion and Public Policy | |
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| Recap: Reasons for Arguing about Ethics | |
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| Materials: Theories in Ethics | |
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| What Is Ethical Theory? | |
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| Deontology | |
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| Deontology and Consistency | |
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| Deontology and Special Obligations | |
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| Deontology and Supererogation | |
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| Deontology and Rational Justification | |
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| Deontology and Conflicting Duties and Obligations | |
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| Deontology and Indifference to Consequences | |
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| Selected Bibliography | |
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| Act Utilitarianism | |
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| Act Utilitarianism and Benevolence | |
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| Act Utilitarianism and Rationality | |
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| Act Utilitarianism and Situational Decision-Making | |
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| Act Utilitarianism and Predicting the Future | |
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| Act Utilitarianism and Incommensurability | |
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| Act Utilitarianism and Special Obligations | |
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| Act Utilitarianism and Supererogation | |
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| Act Utilitarianism and Inconsistency | |
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| Act Utilitarianism and Injustice | |
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| Selected Bibliography | |
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| Rule Utilitarianism | |
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| Some Strengths of Rule Utilitarianism | |
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| Some Weaknesses of Rule Utilitarianism | |
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| Selected Bibliography | |
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| Rights | |
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| Rights and Deontology | |
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| Rights and Act Utilitarianism | |
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| Rights and Rule Utilitarianism | |
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| Selected Bibliography | |
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| Ethical Theories in Combination | |
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| Recap: Pluses and Minuses | |
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| More Materials: Principles in Ethics | |
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| What Is an Ethical Principle? | |
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| Beneficence | |
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| Respect for Autonomy | |
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| Conflicts of Principle | |
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| Paternalism | |
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| Libertarianism | |
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| Justice | |
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| Recap: Principles in Outline | |
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| Selected Bibliography | |
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| Methods | |
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| Rational Argument | |
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| The Role of Intuition | |
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| The Use of Examples | |
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| Argument by Analogy | |
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| Slippery-Slope Arguments | |
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| The Joys of Compromise | |
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| Devil's Advocacy | |
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| Recap: On Being Persuasive | |
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| The Basic Issues of Bioethics | |
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| N.B. Each chapter in Part Two begins with an Introduction and ends with Study Questions and a discussion of Related Cases in Crigger, Cases in Bioethics, Third Edition | |
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| Professional Responsibility and the Rights of Patients | |
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| Telling the Truth | |
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| Knowledge and Autonomy | |
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| Dishonesty | |
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| Paternalism and Beneficence; Lipkin's Argument, "On Lying to Patients" | |
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| Responding to Lipkin | |
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| Placebos | |
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| Recap: Full Disclosure | |
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| Informed Consent | |
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| The Importance of Informed Consent | |
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| Informing the Patient | |
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| The Patient's Consent | |
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| Patients Who Cannot Consent | |
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| Recap: Getting the Go-ahead | |
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| Confidentiality | |
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| Modern Complexities: Siegler's Argument, "Confidentiality in Medicine" | |
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| Responding to Siegler | |
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| Gossip | |
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| Harm to Others | |
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| Recap: Keeping Secrets | |
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| Reproductive Rights and Abortion | |
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| Reproductive Rights | |
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| Naturalness | |
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| Significant Relationships | |
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| Recap: The Ethics of New Technologies | |
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| Abortion | |
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| The Sanctity of Life | |
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| The Status of the Fetus | |
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| Personhood | |
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| Potential Personhood | |
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| Opposing Abortion: Marquis's Argument, "Why Abortion is Immoral" | |
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| Responding to Marquis | |
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| The Interests of the Woman | |
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| Defending Abortion: Thompson's Argument, "A Defense of Abortion" | |
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| Responding to Thompson | |
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| Rape | |
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| Failed Contraception | |
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| Recap: The Abortion Debate | |
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| Death and Dying | |
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| What Is Death? | |
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| The Official Definition: The Argument of the President's Commission | |
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| Responding to the Commission | |
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| The Traditional Conception | |
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| Recap: Defining Death | |
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| Euthanasia | |
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| Suicide | |
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| Voluntary Euthanasia and Suicide | |
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| Nonvoluntary Euthanasia and Murder | |
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| Killing and Letting Die: Rachels's Argument | |
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| "Active and Passive Euthanasia" | |
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| Responding to Rachels | |
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| The Doctrine of Double Effect | |
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| Living Wills | |
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| Recap: Mercy Killing | |
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| Research with Living Subjects | |
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| Drug Trials | |
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| Selecting Human Research Subjects | |
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| Harm | |
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| Unethical Experiments: Ridley's Argument, "Ill-Gotten Gains" | |
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| Responding to Ridley | |
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| Animal Research: Regan's Argument, "The Case Against Animal Research" | |
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| Responding to Regan | |
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| Recap: Sacrifices | |
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| Mental Incompetence | |
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| The Nature of Mental Incompetence | |
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| Incompetent at What? | |
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| A Conspiracy Theory: Szasz's Argument | |
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| "The Myth of Mental Illness" | |
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| Responding to Szasz | |
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| Incompetence and Autonomy | |
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| Recap: On Counting as Competent | |
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| Decisions About Treatment | |
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| Treating People Against Their Will: Chodoff's Argument, "The Case for Involuntary Hospitalization of the Mentally Ill" | |
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| Responding to Chodoff | |
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| Paternalism and Beneficence | |
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| Involuntary Sterilization | |
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| Recap: Helping the Helpless | |
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| Allocation and Health Care Policy | |
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| Allocating Scarce Resources | |
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| Health and Wealth | |
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| Rights | |
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| Justice | |
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| Utilitarian Justice | |
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| Libertarian Justice | |
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| Egalitarian Justice | |
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| Care According to Need: Nielsen's Argument, "Autonomy, Equality, and a Just Health Care System" | |
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| Responding to Nielsen | |
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| Recap: Fair Shares | |
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| Organ Procurement and Transplantation | |
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| The Donor | |
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| The Recipient | |
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| Organs for Sale | |
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| Organ Farming | |
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| You Stole My Heart Away | |
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| Gene Therapy and Genetic Engineering | |
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| Choosing People | |
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| Avoiding People: Purdy's Argument, "Genetic Diseases: Can Having Children Be Immoral?" | |
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| Responding to Purdy | |
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| Curing People: Somatic-Cell Therapy | |
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| Changing People: Germ-Line Therapy | |
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| Recap: A Better World? | |