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Acknowledgments | |
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Transforming the World | |
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Nitrogen in Agriculture: Discovering the Basics | |
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Discovering Nitrogen | |
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Nitrogen in Crop Production | |
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Nitrogen and Legumes | |
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Completing the Nitrogen Cycle | |
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Traditional Sources of Nitrogen: Preindustrial Agricultures | |
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Recycling of Organic Matter | |
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Farmyard Manures | |
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Cultivation of Legumes | |
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Nitrogen Balances in Traditional Farming | |
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Limits to Recycling and Legume Cultivation | |
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New Sources of the Nutrient: Searching for Fixed Nitrogen | |
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Guano | |
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Sodium Nitrate | |
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By-product Ammonia from Coking | |
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Synthesis of Cyanamide | |
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Electric Arc Process | |
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Plant Nutrients and Future Food Supply | |
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A Brilliant Discovery: Fritz Haber's Synthesis of Ammonia | |
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Haber's Predecessors | |
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Fritz Haber | |
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Haber's First Experiments with Ammonia | |
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Nernst and Haber | |
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BASF and Haber | |
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High-Pressure Catalytic Synthesis | |
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Creating an Industry: Carl Bosch and BASF | |
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Carl Bosch | |
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Designing High-Pressure Converters | |
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Finding New Catalysts | |
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Producing the Feedstocks and Oxidizing Ammonia | |
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The First Ammonia Plant at Oppau | |
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Ammonia Synthesis for War | |
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Evolution of Ammonia Synthesis: Diffusion and Innovation | |
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Slow Diffusion of Ammonia Production: 1918-1950 | |
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Expansion and Changes Since 1950 | |
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Natural Gas-Based Ammonia Synthesis | |
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Single-Train Plants with Centrifugal Compressors | |
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Continuing Innovation | |
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Synthetic Fertilizers: Varieties and Applications | |
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Nitrogen Fertilizers | |
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Fertilizer Applications: Global Views | |
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Fertilizer Nitrogen in Global Crop Production | |
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Regional and National Perspectives | |
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The Most Productive Agroecosystems | |
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Our Dependence on Nitrogen: Agricultures and Populations | |
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How Many People Does Fertilizer Nitrogen Feed? | |
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Human Protein Requirements | |
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Nitrogen in U.S. Agriculture | |
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Nitrogen in Chinese Farming | |
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Growing Dependence during the Twenty-first Century | |
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Consequences of the Dependence: Human Interference in Nitrogen's Biospheric Cycle | |
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Intensifying the Global Cycling of Nitrogen | |
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What Happens to Fertilizer Nitrogen | |
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Nitrogen Losses in Modern Farming | |
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Excess Nitrogen and Human Health | |
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Nitrogen and Natural Ecosystems | |
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Nitrogen and Civilization: Managing the Nitrogen Cycle | |
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What Has Been Accomplished | |
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More Efficient Fertilizing | |
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Stabilized Populations | |
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Rational Diets | |
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A Long View | |
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Postscript | |
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Appendixes | |
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Notes | |
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Name Index | |
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Subject Index | |