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Preface to the 1985 Reissue | |
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Preface to the 2010 Reissue | |
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Foreword | |
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List of Abbreviations | |
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Introductory | |
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The Problem and its Terms | |
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Defining the problem | |
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Is theodicy permissible? | |
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The kinds of evil | |
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The Two Poles of Thought - Monism and Dualism | |
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Monism and Dualism | |
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The pure monism of Spinoza | |
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A contemporary view of evil as illusion - Christian Science | |
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Plato's dualism | |
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The external dualism of | |
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The internal dualism of | |
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The Augustinian Type of Theodicy | |
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The Fountainhead: St. Augustine - Evil as privation of good stemming from misused freedom | |
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Evil as privatio boni | |
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Augustine and Manichaeism | |
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The Plotinian theodicy | |
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The goodness of the created order | |
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Man mutable because 'made out of nothing' | |
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Evil privative and parasitic | |
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The identity of being and goodness | |
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The logical character of Augustine's doctrine | |
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'The Free-Will Defence' in St. Augustine | |
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Sin as the basic evil | |
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The self-creation of evil 'ex nihilo' | |
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Sin and predestination | |
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The Fountainhead: St. Augustine - The principle of plenitude and the aesthetic theme | |
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The principle of plenitude | |
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The Problem | |
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Augustine's Neo-Platonist answer | |
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The principle of plenitude in Plotinus | |
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Emanation and creation | |
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The pre-existing pattern | |
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The aesthetic theme | |
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The aesthetic theme in Augustine | |
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Animal pain in a perfect world | |
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Hell and the principle of moral balance | |
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Catholic Thought from Augustine to the Present Day | |
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Augustine's theodicy writ large: Hugh of St. Victor | |
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Thomas Aquinas | |
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A contemporary Thomist presentation: Charles Journet | |
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Journet on sin and hell | |
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The Problem of Evil in Reformed Thought | |
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Augustine and the Reformers | |
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Calvin | |
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Fall and predestination in Calvin | |
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Predestination versus theodicy | |
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Karl Barth | |
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Barth's method | |
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The 'shadowside' of creation | |
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'Das Nichtige' | |
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The origin of 'das Nichtige' | |
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Criticism: (a) the origin of 'das Nichtige' | |
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Criticism: (b) the status of 'das Nichtige' | |
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Eighteenth-Century 'Optimism' | |
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A product of the Augustinian tradition | |
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King's 'Origin of Evil' | |
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Leibniz's 'Theodicy' | |
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The 'best possible world' | |
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'Best possible' - for what purpose? | |
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Dividing the Light from the Darkness | |
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The main features of the Augustinian type of theodicy | |
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The theological themes | |
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The goodness of the created universe | |
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Human suffering as a punishment for sin | |
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'O felix culpa…' versus eternal torment | |
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The philosophical themes | |
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Evil as non-being | |
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Metaphysical evil as fundamental | |
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The aesthetic perfection of the universe | |
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A basic criticism | |
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The Irenaean Type of Theodicy | |
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Sin and the Fall according to the Hellenistic Fathers | |
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The biblical basis of the fall doctrine | |
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From Paul to Augustine | |
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The beginnings of the Hellenistic point of view | |
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Irenaeus | |
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Eastern Christianity | |
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The Irenaean Type of Theodicy in Schleiermacher | |
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Schleiermacher on 'original perfection' | |
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Schleiermacher's account of sin | |
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The relation between sin and suffering | |
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God as ultimately ordaining sin and suffering | |
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Schleiermacher and the instrumental view of evil | |
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Man's beginning and end | |
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The Two Theodicies - Contrasts and Agreements | |
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The contrast between the two types of theodicy | |
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Points of hidden agreement | |
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A Theodicy for Today | |
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The Starting-Point | |
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The negative task of theodicy | |
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The traditional theodicy based upon Christian myth | |
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The 'vale of soul-making' theodicy | |
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Moral Evil | |
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The shape of sin | |
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The traditional free-will defence | |
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The recent critique of the free-will defence | |
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Divine-human personal relationship | |
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Freedom as limited creativity | |
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The virtual inevitability of the fall | |
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Man created as a fallen being | |
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Pain | |
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Pain and suffering | |
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Physical Pain | |
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Has pain a biological value? | |
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Pain and the structure of the world | |
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Animal pain | |
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Suffering | |
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Suffering as a function of meaning | |
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Pain as a cause of suffering | |
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A paradise without suffering? | |
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Excessive or dysteleological suffering | |
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The traditional answer: nature preverted by fallen angels | |
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Soul-making and mystery | |
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The Kingdom of God and the Will of God | |
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The infinite future good | |
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Theodicy versus hell | |
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The intermediate state | |
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Some residual problems | |
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The biblical paradox of evil | |
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Its source in the duality of the Christian life | |
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Its eschatological resolution | |
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Recent Work on the Problem of Evil | |
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Index | |