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| Preface to the second edition | |
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| Preface to the first edition | |
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| Preface to the second printing | |
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| Language Universals | |
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| Approaches to Language Universals | |
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| Two major approaches | |
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| The data base | |
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| Degrees of abstractness | |
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| Classification of Language Universals | |
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| Formal and substantive universals | |
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| Implicational and non-implicational universals | |
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| Absolute universals and tendencies | |
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| Explanations for Language Universals | |
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| Common genetic origin | |
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| External explanations | |
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| Summary Notes and references | |
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| Language Typology | |
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| Typology and Universals | |
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| Typological Parameters | |
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| Morphological Typology | |
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| Some Further Typological Parameters Notes and references | |
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| Theoretical Prerequisites | |
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| Semantic Roles | |
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| Pragmatic Roles | |
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| Grammatical Relations | |
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| Morphological Cases | |
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| Illustration: English and Russian Clause Structure Notes and references | |
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| Word Order | |
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| Word Order Parameters | |
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| Correlations Among Word Order Parameters | |
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| Greenberg's correlations | |
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| Generalizations of Greenberg's results | |
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| Critique of the generalizations | |
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| The Value of Word Order Typology Notes and references | |
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| Subject | |
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| The Problem | |
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| On Definitions and Categories | |
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| Ergativity | |
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| Semantic and Pragmatic Factors Notes and references | |
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| Case Marking | |
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| The Discriminatory Function of Cases | |
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| Natural Information Flow in the Transitive Construction | |
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| Inverse forms | |
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| Differential marking of A and P | |
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| Summary Notes and References | |
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| Relative Clauses | |
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| Some Typological Characteristics of English Relative Clauses | |
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| Types of Relative Clause | |
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| Defining the notion relative clause | |
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| Word order and relative clause types | |
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| The role of the head in the relative clause | |
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| The role of the head in the main clause | |
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| Accessibility to Relative Clause Formation | |
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| Simplex sentences | |
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| Complex constructions | |
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| The distribution of relative clause types Notes and references | |
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| Causative Constructions | |
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| Parameters in the Study of Causative Constructions | |
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| Formal parameters | |
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| Semantic parameters | |
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| Valency Changes in Morphological Causatives Notes and references | |
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| Animacy | |
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| Introduction: The Nature of Animacy | |
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| Phenomena Controlled by Animacy | |
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| Conceptual Animacy Distinctions | |
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| Conclusions: The Nature of Animacy Notes and references | |
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| Typological and Historical Linguistics | |
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| Diachronic Dimensions in Universals and Typology | |
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| Areal Typology | |
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| Typology and Reconstruction | |
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| Word order typology | |
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| Word order and morpheme order | |
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| Typology and Diachronic Explanation Notes and references | |
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| Conclusions and Prospects Map showing location of languages cited References | |
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| Index of languages | |
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| Index of proper names | |
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| Index of topics | |