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Foreword | |
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Preface | |
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About the Authors | |
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Introduction | |
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What Is Cross-Cultural Human Development? | |
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Cross-Cultural Human Development and the Other Social Sciences | |
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Some Important Themes | |
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A Cross-Cultural Perspective | |
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Goals for the Field | |
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An Ecological Model | |
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The Developmental Niche | |
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A Developmental Orientation | |
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A Chronological-Within-Topics Approach | |
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Another Piece of the Developmental Puzzle: The Human Genome | |
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Practical Applications | |
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Overview of the Book | |
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Some Cross-Cultural Teasers | |
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Summary | |
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Study Questions | |
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Further Readings | |
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Theories and Methodology | |
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Theories of Development | |
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What Is a Theory? | |
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Bronfenbrenner's Ecological Model | |
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Super and Harkness's Developmental Niche | |
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Piaget's Theory of Cognitive Development | |
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Vygotsky's Sociocultural Theory of Development | |
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Erikson's Psychosocial Theory | |
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Kohlberg's Theory of Moral Development | |
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Methodology in Cross-Cultural Human Development | |
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Studying Development Cross-Culturally: Some Methods, Problems, and Solutions | |
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Methods for Assessing Components of the Developmental Niche | |
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Studying Ecological Systems | |
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Summary | |
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Study Questions | |
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Further Readings | |
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Developmental Analysis | |
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Culture and Socialization | |
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Ecological Context | |
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What is Socialization? | |
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Ecological Model and the Developmental Niche | |
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Some Cultural Variations in the Socialization of Behavior | |
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Pregnancy, Prenatal Development, and Birth | |
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Infancy | |
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Sleep | |
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Crying | |
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Childhood | |
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Formal Versus Informal Learning | |
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Adolescence | |
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Rites of Passage | |
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Adulthood | |
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Late Adulthood | |
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Cultural Views of Aging | |
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Summary | |
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Study Questions | |
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Further Readings | |
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Developmental Analysis | |
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The Family In Cultural Context | |
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Ecological Context | |
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Cultural Variations in the Family Life Cycle | |
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Mate Selection | |
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Marriage and Other Long-Term Relationships | |
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The Birth Process Across Cultures | |
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The Ecology of Birth | |
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The Transition to Parenthood | |
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Infancy and Childhood | |
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Parental Belief Systems | |
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Mothering | |
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Fathering | |
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Adolescence | |
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The Ecological Model and Adolescence | |
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Cross-Cultural Differences in Adolescent Peer Relationships | |
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Adulthood and Aging | |
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Grandparenthood | |
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Caring for the Elderly | |
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The Changing Context of Families | |
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Summary | |
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Study Questions | |
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Further Readings | |
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Developmental Analysis | |
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Culture, Language, and Cognition | |
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Ecological Context: The Language-Cognition-Culture Link | |
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Infancy | |
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Early Cognitive Development in Cultural Contexts | |
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Language Acquisition | |
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Early Second-Language Acquisition and Bilingualism | |
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Childhood | |
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Stages of Knowing and Learning | |
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Language Skills and Language Socialization | |
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Adolescence | |
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Formal Operational Thinking | |
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Adulthood | |
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Reasoning and Decision making | |
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Late Adulthood | |
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Intelligence and Cognitive Aging | |
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Language and Communication in Later Life | |
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Summary | |
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Study Questions | |
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Further Readings | |
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Developmental Analysis | |
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Culture, Self, and Personality | |
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Ecological Context: Temperament, Personality, and Self | |
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Temperament and Heritability of Traits | |
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The Self: Some Cultural Perspectives | |
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Infancy | |
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Temperament, Ecological Systems, and the Developmental Niche | |
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Temperament and "Goodness of Fit" | |
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Childhood | |
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The Emerging Self-Concept | |
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Self-Esteem and Self-Efficacy | |
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Adolescence | |
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Identity Formation | |
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Social Identity Formation | |
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Adulthood | |
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A Time of Stability and Change | |
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Late Adulthood | |
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Personality Changes in Senescence or Illness | |
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The "Aging" Self | |
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Summary | |
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Study Questions | |
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Further Readings | |
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Developmental Analysis | |
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Culture and Social Behavior | |
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Ecological Context | |
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Infancy | |
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Child-Caretaker Relationships and Attachment Patterns | |
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The Secure-Base Hypothesis | |
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The Sensitivity Hypothesis | |
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Moderators of Attachment and Social Development | |
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Childhood | |
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Peer Culture and Social Relationships | |
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Moral Development and Prosocial Orientation | |
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Cultural Influences on Caring and Justice Orientation | |
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Aggression | |
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Adolescence | |
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Family and Peer Influences on Adolescent Social Behavior | |
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Cultural Influences on Adolescent Social Behavior | |
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Adulthood | |
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Work and Leisure in Middle Adulthood | |
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Sport as a Social Phenomenon | |
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Late Adulthood | |
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Attachment, Social Support, and Well-Being in Later Adulthood | |
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Summary | |
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Study Questions | |
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Further Readings | |
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Developmental Analysis | |
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Culture and Issues of Gender and Sexuality | |
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Ecological Context: Theoretical Perspectives on Gender Differences | |
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Biological Perspectives | |
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Evolutionary Perspectives | |
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Socialization and Learning Perspectives | |
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Infancy | |
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Sex Preference and Sex Ratio at Birth | |
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Childhood | |
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Gender Socialization | |
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Cultural Influences on Female and Male Socialization | |
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Gender Relationships in Childhood | |
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Adolescence | |
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Markers of Sexual Maturation | |
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Gender, Sexuality, and Cultural Taboos | |
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Adulthood | |
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Status and the Division of Labor Within the Family | |
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Division of Labor in the Workforce | |
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Gender Relations in Social Status and Public Policy | |
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Later Adulthood | |
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The Experience of Menopause | |
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Divorce and Widowhood | |
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Gender Roles and Status in Old Age | |
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Summary | |
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Study Questions | |
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Further Readings | |
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Developmental Analysis | |
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Culture, Health, and Illness | |
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Ecological Context: Cultural Concepts of Health and Healing | |
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Culture-Bound Syndromes | |
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Medical Diagnosis Across Cultures | |
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Illness, Stress, and Coping | |
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Infancy | |
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Risks to Infant Health | |
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Childhood | |
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Childhood Obesity | |
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Childhood Mental Health | |
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Ecological Influences on Early Coping Behavior | |
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Adolescence | |
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Eating Disorders | |
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Culture and Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs) | |
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Adulthood | |
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Mental Health Issues | |
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Acculturation and Adaptation | |
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Later Adulthood | |
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Disease and Premature Aging | |
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Cultural Views on Dementia and Alzeimer's Disease | |
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Coping with Chronic Illness in Older Age | |
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The "Good" Death | |
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Summary | |
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Study Questions | |
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Further Readings | |
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Developmental Analysis | |
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Future Trends and Applications | |
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Looking Back: A Review of Major Themes and Theories | |
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Ecological Model | |
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Developmental Niche | |
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Vygotsky's Sociocultural Theory | |
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Piaget's Cognitive Developmental Theory | |
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Kohlberg's Theory of Moral Development | |
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Erikson's Theory of Psychosocial Development | |
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Where Do We Go from Here? | |
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Summary | |
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Study Questions | |
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Further Readings | |
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References | |
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Name Index | |
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Subject Index | |