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| Preface | |
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| Introduction to Human Development | |
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| Heredity and Environment | |
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| Prenatal Development and Childbirth | |
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| Infancy and Toddlerhood: Physical, Cognitive, and Language Development | |
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| Infancy and Toddlerhood: Personality and Sociocultural Development | |
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| Early Childhood: Physical, Cognitive, and Language Development | |
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| Early Childhood: Personality and Sociocultural Development | |
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| Middle Childhood: Physical and Cognitive Development | |
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| Middle Childhood: Personality and Sociocultural Development | |
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| Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood: Physical and Cognitive Development | |
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| Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood: Personality and Sociocultural Development | |
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| Young Adulthood: Physical and Cognitive Development | |
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| Young Adulthood: Personality and Sociocultural Development | |
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| Middle Adulthood: Physical and Cognitive Development | |
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| Middle Adulthood: Personality and Sociocultural Development | |
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| Older Adulthood: Physical and Cognitive Development | |
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| Older Adulthood: Personality and Sociocultural Development | |
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| Death and Dying | |
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| Answers to Review the Facts | |
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| Glossary | |
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| Bibliography | |
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| Photo Credits | |
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| Name Index | |
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| Subject Index | |
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| Detailed Table of Contents | |
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| Introduction to Human Development | |
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| Introduction to Development | |
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| Lifespan Development | |
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| Guiding Themes in Human Development | |
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| The Nature of Human Development | |
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| Biology and Environment | |
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| The Sociocultural Context | |
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| Try This!: Exploring Attitudes About Child Rearing | |
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| Changing Perspectives: Children and War | |
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| The Domains of Human Development | |
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| Theoretical Frameworks for Human Development | |
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| The Role of Theory | |
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| Biological Views of Human Development | |
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| Psychodynamic Views of Human Development | |
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| Behavioral Views of Human Development | |
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| Cognitive Views of Human Development | |
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| Integrating Theoretical Approaches | |
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| The Scientific Approach to the Study of Human Development | |
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| Descriptive Methods | |
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| Studying Development Across Time | |
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| Current Issues: Fragile Families and Child Well-Being | |
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| Correlation as a Descriptive Tool | |
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| Experimental Approaches: the Study of Cause and Effect | |
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| Summary of Research Methods | |
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| Ethics in Developmental Research | |
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| Development in Context | |
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| Chapter Summary | |
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| Key Terms | |
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| Heredity and Environment | |
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| Molecular Genetics | |
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| Human Cells | |
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| DNA | |
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| Genes | |
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| Protein Synthesis | |
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| Genes, Chromosomes, and Cell Division | |
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| Cell Division and Reproduction | |
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| From Genotype to Phenotype | |
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| The Variation of Traits Among Individuals | |
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| Genetic and Chromosomal Disorders | |
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| Sex-Linked Disorders | |
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| Autosomal Disorders | |
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| Genetic Counseling | |
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| Advances in Genetic Research and Treatment | |
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| Behavior Genetics | |
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| Changing Perspectives: Genetic Engineering and Cloning | |
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| Adoption Studies | |
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| Twin Studies | |
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| Try This!: Exploring the Basis of Personality | |
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| Environmental Influences and Contexts | |
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| Basic Processes That Affect Behavior | |
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| Conditioning, Behavior Modification, and Life | |
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| Social Learning and the Evolving Self-Concept | |
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| Environment in a Broader Context: Family and Culture | |
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| Family Systems | |
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| The Family as Transmitter of Culture | |
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| Current Issues: the New Baby and the Extended Family System | |
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| Sociocultural Influences on Development Across the Lifespan | |
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| Chapter Summary | |
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| Key Terms | |
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| Prenatal Development and Childbirth | |
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| Prenatal Growth and Development | |
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| Trimesters and Periods | |
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| Conception and the Germinal Period | |
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| The Embryonic Period | |
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| The Fetal Period | |
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| Developmental Trends | |
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| Prenatal Environmental Influences | |
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| Maternal Age | |
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| Maternal Health and Nutrition | |
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| Prenatal Health Care | |
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| Critical Periods in Prenatal Development | |
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| Teratogens and Their Effects | |
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| Childbirth | |
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| Stages of Childbirth | |
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| Changing Perspectives: Nurse Family Partnerships: An Early Intervention Program That Works | |
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| Approaches to Childbirth | |
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| Try This!: Birthing Practices: Yesterday and Today | |
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| Advances in Technology | |
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| Complications in Childbirth | |
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| The Evolving Family | |
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| The Transition to Parenthood | |
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| Current Issues: Kangaroo Care for Low-Birth-Weight Infants: An Experimental Approach Being Tried in Countries Around the World | |
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| The Arrival of the Neonate | |
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| Chapter Summary | |
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| Key Terms | |
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| Infancy and Toddlerhood: Physical, Cognitive, and Language Development | |
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| The Developing Brain | |
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| The Neonatal Period | |
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| States of Arousal | |
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| Learning and Habituation | |
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| Neonatal Assessment | |
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| Physical and Motor Development | |
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| Cultural Influences on Maturation | |
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| An Overview of Physical and Motor Development: the First 2 Years | |
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| Changing Perspectives: Sudden Infant Death Syndrome and Shaken Baby Syndrome | |
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| Nutrition and Malnutrition | |
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| Try This!: Attitudes About Breastfeeding | |
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| Sensory and Perceptual Development | |
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| Vision and Visual Perception | |
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| Hearing and Auditory Perception | |
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| Taste, Smell, and Touch | |
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| Sensory Integration | |
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| Cognitive Development | |
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| Perceptual Organization and Categories | |
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| Piaget's Concept of Schemes | |
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| The Sensorimotor Period | |
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| Evaluating Piaget's View | |
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| Language Development | |
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| The Structure and Function of Language | |
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| Language Development in the First Year | |
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| Words and Sentences | |
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| The Language Explosion | |
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| Telegraphic Speech and Early Grammar | |
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| Theories of Language Development | |
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| Current Issues: Cats, Horses and Tight Fits���Is Language Involved in Category Formation? | |
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| Cultural Aspects of Language Development | |
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| Chapter Summary | |
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| Key Terms | |
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| Infancy and Toddlerhood: Personality and Sociocultural Development | |
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| The Foundations of Personality and Social Development | |
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| Emotional Development | |
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| Temperament | |
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| The Development of Trust | |
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| Feeding and Comforting | |
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| Attachment | |
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| The Role of Culture in Attachment | |
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| Studying Infant and Toddler Attachment | |
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| Try This!: Replicating the Strange Situation | |
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| The Effects of Attachment | |
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| Explaining Attachment | |
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| The Relationship Between Attachment and Trust | |
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| Separating from the Caregiver | |
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| Social Referencing and Culture | |
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| The Development of Autonomy | |
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| The Development of Prosocial Behavior | |
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| The Development of the Self | |
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| Attachment and Separation | |
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| The Family System: A Broader Context | |
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| Fathers | |
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| Changing Perspectives: Fatherhood in the Changing American Family���What Matters? | |
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| Other Family Members as Caregivers | |
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| The Social Ecology of Child Care | |
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| Current Issues: Infant and Toddler Child Care | |
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| Infants and Toddlers With Special Needs | |
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| Infants and Toddlers With Visual Impairments | |
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| Infants and Toddlers With Hearing Impairments | |
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| Infants and Toddlers With Severe Disabilities | |
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| When Parenting Goes Awry: Abuse and Neglect | |
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| Chapter Summary | |
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| Key Terms | |
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| Early Childhood: Physical, Cognitive, and Language Development | |
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| Physical Development | |
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| Changes in the Body | |
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| Brain Development | |
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| Human Development: An Interactive and Individual Approach | |
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| Motor Skills Development | |
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| Gross Motor Skills | |
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| Fine Motor Skills | |
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| Learning and Motor Skills | |
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| Cognitive Development | |
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| An Overview of Preoperational Thinking | |
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| Preoperational Substages and Thought | |
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| Current Issues: A Theory of Mind | |
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| Limitations of Preoperational Thinking | |
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| Conservation | |
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| Evaluating Piaget's Theory | |
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| Beyond Piaget: Social Perspectives | |
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| The Role of Memory | |
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| Language Development | |
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| Words and Concepts | |
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| Expanding Grammar | |
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| Mastering the Subtleties of Speech | |
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| The Influence of Parents' Language Use | |
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| Multicultural Aspects of Language Development | |
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| Play and Learning | |
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| Play and Cognitive Development | |
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| Changing Perspectives: Bilingual Kindergarten and Play | |
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| Try This!: Watching Young Children Play | |
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| Chapter Summary | |
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| Key Terms | |
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| Early Childhood: Personality and Sociocultural Development | |
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| Coping with Feelings and Emotions | |
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| Fear and Anxiety | |
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| Emotional Regulation | |
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| Aggression and Prosocial Behavior | |
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| Aggression | |
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| Changing Perspectives: Electronic Media: Is It Changing the Way That Children Grow Up? | |
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| Prosocial Behavior | |
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| Try This!: A Child's Choice in Media Programming | |
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| Developmental Conflicts | |
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| Initiative Versus Guilt | |
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| Peers, Play, and the Development of Social Competence | |
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| The Role of Imaginary Companions | |
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| Cultural Variations in Play | |
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| Social Competence and the Development of Social Skills | |
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| Current Issues: One Pathway to Social Competence | |
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| Understanding Self and Others | |
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| Social Concepts and Rules | |
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| Self-Concept | |
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| Self and Gender | |
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| Family Dynamics | |
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| Parenting Styles | |
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| Discipline and Self-Control | |
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| Sibling Dynamics | |
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| Child Maltreatment: Abuse and Neglect | |
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| Chapter Summary | |
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| Key Terms | |
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| Middle Childhood: Physical and Cognitive Development | |
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| Physical and Motor Development | |
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| Physical Growth and Change | |
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| Internal Changes | |
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| Motor Skills Development | |
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| Health, Fitness, and Accidents | |
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| Current Issues: Obesity in Childhood���An Outcome of Our Changing Lifestyle? | |
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| Cognitive Development | |
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| Piaget and Concrete Operational Thinking | |
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| Memory and Metacognition | |
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| Language and Literacy Development | |
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| Individual Differences in Intelligence | |
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| Try This!: Exploring Your Concept of Intelligence | |
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| Learning and Thinking in School | |
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| New Demands and Expectations | |
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| Developing Competent Learners and Critical Thinkers | |
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| Success in School | |
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| Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities | |
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| Intellectual Disabilities | |
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| Learning Disorders | |
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| Changing Perspectives: Early Experience���Do Adverse Environments Cause Permanent Effects? | |
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| Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder | |
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| Chapter Summary | |
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| Key Terms | |
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| Middle Childhood: Personality and Sociocultural Development | |
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| Personality Development in an Expanding Social World | |
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| Three Perspectives on Middle Childhood | |
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| Self-Concept | |
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| Industry Versus Inferiority | |
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| Self-Esteem | |
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| Social Knowledge and Reasoning | |
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| The Development of Social Cognition | |
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| The Development of Morality | |
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| Peer Relationships | |
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| Functions of Friendship | |
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| Developmental Patterns in Friendship | |
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| Peer Groups | |
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| Current Issues: Friends and Enemies, Bullies and Victims���The Social Life of School | |
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| In-Groups, Out-Groups, and Prejudice | |
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| Family Influences in Middle Childhood | |
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| Parent Child Interactions and Relationships | |
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| The Changing Nature of the Family | |
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| Changing Perspectives: Families Coping in Difficult Circumstances | |
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| Try This!: the Impact of Divorce on Children | |
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| Chapter Summary | |
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| Key Terms | |
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| Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood: Physical and Cognitive Development | |
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| Adolescent Development in a Cultural and Historical Context | |
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| Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood in the United States Today | |
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| Physical Development and Adaptation | |
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| Physical Growth and Change | |
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| Puberty | |
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| Current Issues: Diet and Exercise���Building a Healthy Lifestyle or an Eating Disorder? | |
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| Body Image and Adjustment | |
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| Gender Identity and Sexual Practices | |
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| Six Decades of Changes in Sexual Practices | |
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| Factors That Influence Early Sexual Relationships | |
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| Consequences of Adolescent Sexual Behavior | |
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| Cognitive Changes in Adolescence | |
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| Brain Development in Adolescence | |
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| Try This!: Exploring the Effects of Early Parenting | |
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| Piaget's Period of Formal Operations | |
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| The Scope and Content of Adolescent Thought | |
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| Changing Perspectives: How Adolescents Around the World Spend Their Time | |
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| Chapter Summary | |
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| Key Terms | |
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| Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood: Personality and Sociocultural Development | |
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| Developmental Tasks of Adolescence | |
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| Achieving Autonomy | |
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| Forming an Identity | |
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| Identity Formation, Culture, and Context | |
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| Current Issues: Ethnic Identity���A Key Component of Self-Definition | |
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| Family Dynamics | |
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| Intergenerational Communication | |
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| Changing Perspectives: Family Obligation and Assistance During Adolescence | |
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| Peer Relationships During Adolescence | |
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| Social Comparison | |
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| Cliques and Crowds | |
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| Dating | |
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| Peers and Parents: A Clash of Cultures | |
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| Risk and Resilience in Adolescence | |
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| Risk Taking | |
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| The Use of Tobacco, Alcohol, Marijuana, and Other Drugs | |
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| Delinquency | |
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| Sexual Abuse of Adolescents | |
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| Stress, Depression, and Coping | |
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| Depression | |
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| Risk Factors for Psychological Problems | |
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| Try This!: Taking a Look at Adolescent Depression | |
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| Protective Factors and Coping Responses | |
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| Chapter Summary | |
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| Key Terms | |
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| Young Adulthood: Physical and Cognitive Development | |
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| Perspectives on Adult Development | |
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| Age Clocks and Social Norms | |
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| Contextual Paradigms | |
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| General Physical Development | |
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| Strength and Stamina | |
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| Changing Perspectives: History, Culture, and the Information Age | |
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| Fitness and Health | |
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| Current Issues: the Changing Face of HIV/AIDS | |
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| Sex and Sexuality | |
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| Fertility | |
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| Sexually Transmitted Diseases | |
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| Sexual Attitudes and Behavior | |
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| Sexual Identity and Sexual Orientation | |
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| Cognitive Development in Adulthood | |
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| Beyond Formal Operations | |
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| Postformal Thought | |
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| Try This!: Exploring Postformal Thought | |
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| Emotional Intelligence | |
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| Schaie's Stages of Adult Thinking | |
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| Frameworks for Understanding Adult Development | |
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| Stages and Contexts | |
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| Havighurst's Developmental Tasks | |
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| Erikson's Theory of Development | |
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| Levinson's Seasons of a Man's Life | |
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| The Limitations of Normative Models | |
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| Gould's Transformations in Early Adulthood | |
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| A Closing Comment | |
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| Chapter Summary | |
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| Key Terms | |
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| Young Adulthood: Personality and Sociocultural Development | |
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| Self, Family, and Work | |
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| The Personal Self | |
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| Self as Family Member | |
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| Self as Worker | |
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| Forming Close Relationships | |
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| Adult Friendships | |
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| Couple Formation and Development | |
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| Marriage | |
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| Cohabitation | |
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| Gay and Lesbian Couples | |
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| Staying Single | |
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| Changing Perspectives: Living Together or Living Alone | |
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| The Family Life Cycle and Adult Development | |
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| The Family Life Cycle | |
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| The Transition to Parenthood | |
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| Coping with Children's Developmental Stages | |
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| Single Parenthood | |
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| The Occupational Cycle | |
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| Stages of Occupational Life | |
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| Gaining a Place in the Workforce | |
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| Careers and Career Choices | |
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| Occupational Choice and Preparation | |
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| Gender and Ethnicity | |
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| Work and Gender | |
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| Changes in Women's Work Patterns | |
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| The Many Meanings of Work | |
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| Try This!: Exploring the Type of Career Best Matched to You | |
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| The Role of Women in Careers | |
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| The Dynamics of Dual-Earner Couples | |
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| Current Issues: Juggling Work and Family Roles���The Special Challenge for Low-Income, Dual-Career Couples | |
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| Chapter Summary | |
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| Key Terms | |
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| Middle Adulthood: Physical and Cognitive Development | |
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| Development in Middle Adulthood | |
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| Prime Time or the Beginning of the End? | |
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| Midlife Crisis: Is It Real? | |
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| Perceptions and Realities at Midlife | |
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| Try This!: Just What Is Middle Age? | |
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| Physical Continuity and Change | |
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| Changes in Capabilities | |
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| The Climacteric | |
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| Sexuality in the Middle Years | |
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| Disease and Health | |
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| The Cumulative Effects of Health Habits | |
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| Stress and Health | |
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| Ethnicity, Poverty, and Health | |
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| Current Issues: Health and Social Issues���Why Are Some Groups at Risk? | |
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| Cognitive Continuity and Change | |
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| Fluid Versus Crystallized Intelligence | |
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| Experience and Expertise | |
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| Changing Perspectives: Retraining for Today's Technological Jobs | |
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| Cognitive Skills in the Workplace | |
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| Chapter Summary | |
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| Key Terms | |
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| Middle Adulthood: Personality and Sociocultural Development | |
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| Personality Continuity and Change | |
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| The Tasks of Middle Adulthood | |
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| Personal Reactions to Middle Adulthood | |
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| Family and Friends: Interpersonal Contexts | |
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| The Generation That Runs Things | |
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| Relationships with Adult Children | |
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| Current Issues: Studying Generativity in African American and White U.S. Families | |
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| Relationships with Aging Parents | |
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| Becoming a Grandparent | |
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| Try This!: What Makes a Great Grandparent? | |
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| Friendship: A Lifelong Perspective | |
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| The Changing Family | |
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| Marriage, Divorce, and Remarriage | |
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| Blended Families | |
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| Changing Perspectives: Blended Families���Themes and Variations | |
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| Occupational Continuity and Change | |
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| Job Change and Stress | |
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| Continuity and Change in the Structure of Personality | |
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| The Five-Factor Model | |
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| Stability or Change? | |
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| Chapter Summary | |
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| Key Terms | |
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| Older Adulthood: Physical and Cognitive Development | |
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| Aging Today | |
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| Ageism and Stereotypes | |
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| Four Decades of Later Life | |
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| The Physical Aspects of Aging | |
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| The Changing Body | |
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| Health, Disease, and Nutrition | |
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| Changing Perspectives: Diabetes���Will Type 2 Diabetes Be the New Lifestyle Disease Epidemic? | |
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| The Causes of Aging | |
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| Theories of Aging | |
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| Cognitive Changes in Advanced Age | |
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| Understanding Various Aspects of Cognition | |
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| Cognitive Decline | |
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| Current Issues: Wisdom���Cross-Cultural or Culture Specific? | |
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| Try This!: Exploring Alzheimer's Disease | |
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| Compensating for an Aging Mind | |
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| Chapter Summary | |
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| Key Terms | |
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| Older Adulthood: Personality and Sociocultural Development | |
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| Personality and Aging | |
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| Developmental Tasks in Older Adulthood | |
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| Emotional Development in Older Adulthood | |
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| Continuity and Change in Older Adulthood | |
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| Current Issues: Psychological Well-Being in Later Adulthood | |
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| Successful Aging | |
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| Retirement: A Major Change in Status | |
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| Adjusting to Retirement | |
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| Retirement Options | |
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| Family and Friends: Interpersonal Contexts | |
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| When Parenting Is Over | |
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| Try This!: Exploring the Dimensions of Grandparenting | |
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| Caring for an Ill Spouse | |
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| Widows and Widowers | |
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| U.S. Social Policy and Older Adulthood | |
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| The Demographics of Aging | |
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| Lifestyle Options for Older Adults | |
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| Changing Perspectives: Assisted Living���The In-Between Choice for Frail, Older Adults | |
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| Goals for the Care of Older Adults | |
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| Chapter Summary | |
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| Key Terms | |
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| Death and Dying | |
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| Thoughts and Fears of Death | |
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| Denial of Death | |
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| Reactions to Death | |
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| Managing the Anxiety Associated with One's Own Death | |
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| Current Issues: Searching for Meaning in Natural Disasters, Accidents, Terrorism, and Personal Tragedies | |
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| Confronting One's Own Death | |
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| Death as the Final Developmental Task | |
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| Stages of Adjustment | |
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| Coping with Terminal Illness | |
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| Alternative Trajectories | |
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| The Search for a Humane Death | |
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| Hospice | |
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| Try This!: Exploring the Dimensions of Hospice Care | |
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| The Right to Die | |
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| Grief and Bereavement | |
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| Grieving | |
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| Bereavement in Cross-Cultural Perspective | |
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| Rituals and Customs | |
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| The Death of a Child | |
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| Grieving When a Child Dies | |
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| Changing Perspectives: Humane End-of-Life Care for Children Who Are Dying and for Their Families | |
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| Completing the Life Cycle | |
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| Chapter Summary | |
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| Key Terms | |
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| Answers to Review the Facts | |
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| Glossary | |
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| References | |
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| Photo Credits | |
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| Name Index | |
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| Subject Index | |
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| About This Title - Description | |
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| For undergraduate courses in Lifespan Development, Human Development An interdisciplinary approach with an emphasis on culture and family using an interdisciplinary approach which emphasizes culture and family, Understanding Human Development challenges students to understand development from a broader perspective. Students draw on their own experiences as they weigh the research and ideas presented in the text | |