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Preface | |
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Ethnic Conflict and International Politics: A Conceptual Framework | |
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Ethnic Conflict on the World Stage | |
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Introduction | |
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Definitions | |
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How Is Ethnic Identity Formed? | |
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Why Does Ethnic Conflict Occur? | |
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The First Wave: Modernization, Nationalism, and Ethnic Conflict | |
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The Second Wave: Multiethnic States and Democratic Instability | |
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The Third Wave: Resource Competition and Ethnic Nationalism | |
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The Fourth Wave: Theories of Ethnic Conflict in the Post-Cold War Era | |
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Goals of Ethnic Political Movements | |
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Conclusion | |
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Ethnic Conflict and International Norms | |
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Introduction | |
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International Norms Affecting Ethno-Secession | |
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The Doctrine of Sovereignty | |
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The Principle of National Self-Determination | |
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The Moral Case for Secession | |
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The Emerging Global Regime of Ethnic Minorities | |
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Conclusion | |
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Ethnic Conflict and International Security | |
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Introduction | |
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Complex Humanitarian Emergencies | |
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IDPs and Refugees | |
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Torture, Abuse, and Mass Rape | |
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Child Soldiers | |
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State Failure and Collapse | |
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Ethno-terrorism | |
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Guns-for-Drugs Syndrome | |
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Partisan Intervention and Counterintervention in Ethnic Conflicts | |
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The Staying Power of Ethnic Insurgency Movements | |
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Conclusion | |
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Resolving Ethnic Conflicts Through International Intervention | |
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Why Resolving Ethnic Conflicts Is Important | |
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Ethnic Conflict Resolution by International Third Parties | |
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Peace Keeping | |
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Peace Making | |
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Peace Building | |
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Ethnic Conflict Resolution by the United Nations | |
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The United Nations as a Peace Keeper | |
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The United Nations as a Peace Maker | |
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The United Nations as a Peace Builder | |
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States as Third Parties in Ethnic Conflict Resolution | |
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Major Powers and Ethnic Conflict Resolution | |
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Ethnic Conflict Resolution by Third-World Regional Powers | |
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Regional Organizations as Third Parties in Ethnic Conflict Resolution | |
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International Nongovernmental Organizations as Third Parties In Ethnic Conflict Resolution | |
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Conclusion | |
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Case Studies | |
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Nationalism and the Collapse of Empire: The Russian-Chechen Conflict | |
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The Disintegration of Empires | |
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Why Did Ethnic Conflict Occur? | |
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Soviet Imperialism and Great Russian Nationalism | |
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Democratization as a Source of Ethnic Conflict | |
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The Conflict of Identities | |
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Box 5.1 Theorizing the Linkage Between the Soviet Internationalism Versus Russian Nationalism Conflict and its International Dimension | |
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Nationalist Mobilization in Post-Soviet Russia | |
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The Core Ideas of Russian Nationalism | |
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Russian Nationalists Resurgent | |
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Russia's New Minorities | |
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Russia and Chechnya | |
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Chechen Ethno-secessionism | |
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International Reaction | |
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Noninternationalization of the Chechen Conflict | |
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Box 5.2 Theorizing the Linkage Between the Russian Nationalism Versus Chechen Ethno-secessionism Conflict and Its International Dimension | |
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The Internationalization of Ethnic Conflict in Georgia | |
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Box 5.3 Theorizing the Linkage Between the Georgian-Versus-Minorities Conflict and Its International Dimension | |
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Box 5.4 Theorizing the Linkage Between the Georgia-Versus-Russia Nationalist Conflict and Its International Dimension | |
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Conclusion | |
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Separatist Movements in Constitutional Democracies: Canada and Quebec Nationalism | |
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Introduction | |
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Why Is There Conflict? Sources of Quebec Nationalism | |
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British Colonization | |
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Confederation | |
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Economic Stagnation | |
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Conscription Crises | |
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Disputed Borders | |
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Society in Transformation | |
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The Quiet Revolution | |
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Quebec's Exclusion from the Canadian Constitution | |
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The Failure to Bring Quebec Back In | |
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The Growth of the Sovereignty Movement | |
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The Canadian Supreme Court on Secession | |
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Why Peaceful Secession Is Rare | |
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International Reaction | |
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Can a Constitutional Dispute Be Internationalized? | |
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Is External Mediation Necessary in Canada? | |
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Box 6.1 Theorizing the Linkage Between Ethno-secessionism in Quebec and Its International Dimension | |
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Intractable Ethnic War?: The Tamil-Sinhalese Conflict In Sri Lanka | |
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Introduction | |
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Why Did Ethnic Conflict Occur in Sri Lanka? | |
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Internationalization of the Ethnic Civil War | |
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India's Attempt at Conflict Resolution | |
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The Ethnic Civil War in the 1990s | |
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The Norway-Facilitated Peace Process | |
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Peace Negotiations | |
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Suspension of Peace Talks | |
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Political Turmoil and Its Impact on Peace Talks | |
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Tsunami Disaster and the Dispute over Relief and Reconstruction | |
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Endgame: Back to War and the LTTE's Destruction | |
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Box 7.1 Theorizing the Linkage Between the Tamil-Sinhalese Conflict in Sri Lanka and Its International Dimension | |
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Conclusion | |
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Weak States and Ethnic Conflict: State Collapes and Reconstruction in Africa | |
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Introduction | |
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Weak States | |
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Weak States, Politicized Identities in Central Africa | |
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The Colonial Legacy and Hutu-Tutsi Rivalry | |
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International Involvement in Rwanda and Burundi | |
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Box 8.1 Theorizing the Linkage Between Ethnic Conflicts and Outside Involvement in Rwanda | |
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World War in the Democratic Republic of Congo | |
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The Ethnic-Foreign Nexus in Eastern Congo | |
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International Mediation in the Congo Conflict | |
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Box 8.2 Theorizing the Linkage Between Ethnic Conflicts and Outside Involvement in Congo | |
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The Darfur Conflict: A Clash of Civilizations? | |
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The Ethno-religious Dimension: Muslim Arabs Versus Animist Africans | |
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Outside Actors in Sudan | |
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Box 8.3 Theorizing the Linkage Between Ethnic Conflicts and Outside Involvement in Sudan | |
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Keeping the State Strong: South Africa | |
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Transition from Apartheid | |
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Ethnicity, State Building, and the International System | |
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Box 8.4 Theorizing the Linkage Between Ethnic Diversity and Outside Interest in South Africa | |
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Conclusion | |
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Western Military Intervention and Ethno-Religious Conflicts: Iraq, Afghanistan, and Former Yugoslavia | |
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Introduction | |
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The U.S. Occupation of Iraq | |
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Toppling a Dictator, Creating a Weak State | |
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The Domestic and International Impact of Ethno-sectarian Cleavages | |
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Box 9.1 Theorizing the Linkage Between Ethnic Conflicts and Outside Involvement in Iraq | |
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Expanding Afghanistan's Wars Through Intervention | |
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Ethnicity, Warlords, and Internal Conflict | |
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International Intervention, Renewed Contact | |
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Box 9.2 Theorizing the Linkage Between Ethnic Conflicts and Outside Involvement in Afghanistan | |
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Wars in Disintegrating Yugoslavia | |
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International Responses in Bosnia and Kosovo | |
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Third-Party Mediation and Peace Keeping | |
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Box 9.3 Theorizing the Linkage Between Ethnic Conflicts and Outside Involvement in Bosnia and Kosovo | |
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Conclusion | |
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Conclusion | |
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To Intervene or Not to Intervene? | |
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Studying Post-Cold War Policy Making | |
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Rationales for Intervention | |
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Promoting Liberal Internationalism | |
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Preempting Security Threats | |
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Prosecuting a Just War | |
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Promoting Functional Integration | |
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Conclusion | |
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Selected Bibliography | |
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Glossary | |
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Index | |