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| In This Section | |
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| Brief Table of Contents | |
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| FULL Table of Contents | |
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| Brief Table of Contents | |
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| Concepts, Variables, and Measurement | |
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| Frequency Tables Introduction | |
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| Measures of Central Tendency | |
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| Measures of Dispersion | |
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| Probability and the Normal Curve Introduction | |
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| Probability- From Samples to Statistics | |
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| Crosstabulation Tables and Chi-Square (X2) | |
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| Measures of Association for Categorical Variables | |
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| Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) | |
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| Correlation and Regression | |
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| Comprehensive Table of Contents | |
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| Concepts, Variables, and Measurement | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Concepts | |
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| Why Statistics? | |
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| Variables | |
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| Independent and Dependent Variables | |
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| Measurement | |
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| Graphical Representation of Data (What Data "look" Like) | |
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| Validity and Reliability | |
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| Individual Data | |
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| Ecological Data | |
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| Chapter Summary | |
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| Frequency Tables | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Toxic Waste and "Superfund" | |
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| Frequency Tables | |
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| Superfund Sites: Frequency Table for a Nominal Variable | |
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| Frequency Table for an Ordinal Variable | |
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| Frequency Table for an Interval/Ratio Variable | |
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| Chapter Summary | |
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| Measures of Central Tendency | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Averages and Energy Consumption | |
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| Definitions of Mode, Median, and Mean | |
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| Calculating Measures of Central Tendency with Raw Data | |
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| Calculating Measures of Central Tendency with Grouped Data | |
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| Chapter Summary | |
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| Measures of Dispersion | |
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| Introduction | |
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| The Distribution of Education in the U.S | |
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| Range | |
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| Interquartile Range | |
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| Mean Deviation | |
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| Variance and Standard Deviation | |
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| Variance (S ) | |
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| Standard Deviation (S) | |
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| Standard Deviation and the Normal Curve | |
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| Chapter Summary | |
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| Probability and the Normal Curve | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Intelligence, Life Chances, and Inequality | |
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| The Fundamentals of Probability | |
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| Probability Using Frequency Tables | |
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| Probability and the Normal Curve | |
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| Using Z-Scores to Find Percentiles | |
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| Chapter Summary | |
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| Probability- From Samples to Statistics | |
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| Introduction | |
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| The Politics of Sampling: Global Warming and Political Party | |
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| Sampling and Statistics | |
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| The Standard Error of the Mean | |
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| The Standard Error of the Proportion | |
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| Other Confidence Intervals | |
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| The t Distribution | |
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| Hypotheses and Testing Differences between Means | |
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| Potential Errors: Type I and Type II | |
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| Chapter Summary | |
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| Crosstabulation Tables and Chi-Square (X2) | |
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| Introduction | |
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| The "Environmental Decade" and Environmentalism | |
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| Data Presented in Crosstabulation Tables | |
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| Crosstabulation and the Chi-Square Test of Statistical Significance (X2) | |
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| Chapter Summary | |
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| Measures of Association for Categorical Variables | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Social Institutions and Social Control | |
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| Nominal Measures of Association | |
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| Ordinal Measures of Association | |
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| Chapter Summary | |
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| Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Smoking on Campus | |
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| ANOVA | |
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| Chapter Summary | |
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| Correlation and Regression | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Unequal America | |
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| Scatterplots: the Underlying Logic behind Correlation | |
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| Correlation | |
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| Linear Regression | |
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| Chapter Summary | |
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| Statistical Tables | |
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| Data Sets | |
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| Getting Started Guide for SPSS | |
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| Answers to Odd-Numbered Exercises | |