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Preface | |
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Perspectives on Hate and Violence | |
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Hate, Prejudice, and Discrimination | |
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Transforming the Terms | |
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Prejudice Versus Discrimination | |
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The Role of the Individual | |
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Hate as a Justification for Violence | |
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Social Construction of Differences | |
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When Stereotypes Turn Nasty | |
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Is Hate on the Decline? | |
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Underestimating Bigotry | |
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The Difference Between Small and Insignificant | |
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Hate Crimes Are Vastly Under-Reported | |
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It Takes Only a Few Bad Apples | |
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Threatening Situations Can Inspire Hate | |
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A Continuing Racial Gap | |
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The Obama Factor | |
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Is the Significance of Hate on the Decline? | |
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The Environmental View | |
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The Hereditary View | |
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The Situationist View of Hate and Violence | |
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Conclusion | |
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Hate Crimes | |
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Motive Matters | |
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The Hate Crime Statistics Act | |
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The FBI's Uniform Crime Reporting Program | |
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NIBRS Hate Crime Data | |
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Why Now? | |
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Pros and Cons of Hate Crime Laws | |
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Hate Crime Laws Today | |
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Federal Civil Rights Statutes | |
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New Federal Legislation (2009) | |
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State Hate Crime Statutes | |
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Hate Crime Laws and the U.S. Constitution | |
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Policing Hate Crimes | |
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Seeing Hate Crimes | |
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Intension and Extension of the Term "Hate Crime" | |
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Classification of Hate Crime Incidents | |
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Why is this Distinction Important? | |
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Hate Crimes in Europe | |
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The Roma in Europe | |
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Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity Violence | |
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Conclusion | |
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A Typology of Hate | |
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Hatemongers | |
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The Role of Organized Hate | |
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Hate from a Distance | |
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Biblical Bigotry | |
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The Militia Movement and White Supremacy | |
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Expanding the Influence of Organized Hate | |
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Dabblers | |
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Getting a Thrill | |
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Being Defensive | |
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Getting Even | |
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Sympathizers | |
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Behind Closed Doors | |
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An Eliminationist Anti-Semitism | |
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Cultural Hate | |
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Culture Transcends Generations | |
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Spectators | |
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The Failure to Act | |
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Middleman Minorities | |
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Middleman Minorities in the United States | |
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The American Version of Spectatorship | |
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Conclusion | |
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The Benefits of Bigotry | |
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Protest by Proxy | |
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Psychological Advantages | |
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Enhancing and Protecting Self-Esteem | |
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Reducing Uncertainty | |
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Economic and Status Advantages | |
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Getting the Dirty Work Done | |
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Eliminating Opponents | |
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Maintaining Political Power | |
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Conclusion | |
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The Production of Rebels, Deviants, and Other Decent People | |
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The Power of the Situation | |
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When Normal People Do Abnormally Nasty Things | |
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Fighting Spectatorship | |
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Intergroup Contact | |
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The Impact of Competition | |
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Reducing Hostility Between Groups | |
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Structuring Opportunities for Cooperation | |
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Follow the Leader | |
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Obeying Orders | |
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The Role of Leadership | |
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The Impact of Deviance | |
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When Rebels Rebel | |
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The Importance of Empathy Across Groups | |
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Human Agency: The Ability to Create "Good" Situations | |
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The Agentic Perspective | |
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Collective Efficacy in Neighborhoods | |
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Neighborhood Agency and Collective Efficacy | |
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Conclusion | |
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Anti-Hate Websites | |
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Matthew Shepard and James Byrd, Jr. Hate Crimes Prevention Act | |
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References | |
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Index | |