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| Global Trade: The Beginning of the Modern World (1300���1700) | |
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| Trade, Traders, Disease, and Migration | |
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| Establishing World Trade Routes: the Geography and Philosophies of Early Economic Systems 1300���1500 | |
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| World Trade: A Historical Analysis | |
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| |
| Trade in the Americas Before 1500 | |
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| The Inca Empire | |
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| Central America and Mexico | |
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| Trade in Sub-Saharan Africa | |
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| West Africa | |
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| East Africa | |
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| Asia's Complex Trade Patterns | |
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| The South Pacific | |
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| The South China Sea | |
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| The Indian Ocean | |
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| Arab Traders | |
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| Islam Spreads | |
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| China: A Magnet for Traders | |
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| International Trade | |
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| The Voyages of Zheng He | |
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| Internal Trade | |
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| Central Asia: the Mongols and the Silk Routes | |
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| Intercontinental Trade Flourishes | |
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| Chinggis Khan | |
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| The End of the Mongol Empire | |
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| From Mongol to Ming: Dynastic Transition | |
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| World Trade Routes Before Columbus: What Difference Do They Make? | |
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| The Opening of the Atlantic and the Pacific: Economic Growth, Religion and Renaissance, Global Connections 1300���1500 | |
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| Economic and Social Changes in Europe | |
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| Workers and the Landed Gentry | |
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| Textiles and Social Conflict | |
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| Business and the Church | |
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| Plague and Social Unrest | |
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| The Renaissance | |
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| The Roots of the Renaissance | |
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| Christian Scholars | |
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| Universities | |
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| Humanism | |
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| New Artistic Styles | |
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| Developments in Technology | |
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| A New World | |
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| The Early Explorers, 800 1000 | |
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| Down Africa's Atlantic Coast | |
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| Crossing the Atlantic | |
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| Crossing the Pacific | |
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| Legacies to the Future:What Difference Do They Make? | |
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| The Unification of World Trade: New Philosophies for New Trade Patterns 1500���1776 | |
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| |
| The Birth of Capitalism | |
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| |
| The Empires of Spain and Portugal | |
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| Spain's New World Conquests | |
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| Why the Inca and Aztec Empires Fell | |
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| |
| Making the Conquests Pay | |
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| Merchant Profits | |
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| Warfare and Bankruptcy | |
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| Portugal's Empire | |
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| The Portuguese in Africa | |
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| The Portuguese in Brazil | |
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| The Portuguese in the Indian Ocean | |
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| The Spanish and the Portuguese Empires: An Evaluation | |
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| Trade and Religion in Western Europe | |
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| The Protestant Reformation | |
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| The Counter-Reformation | |
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| Spanish Defeats | |
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| The Dutch Republic: Seaborne Merchant Enterprise | |
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| France: A Nation Consolidated | |
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| Britain: Establishing Commercial Supremacy | |
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| The Nation-state | |
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| Diverse Cultures, Diverse Trade Systems | |
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| Russia's Empire under Peter the Great | |
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| Ottomans and Mughals | |
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| Ming and Qing Dynasties in China | |
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| Tokugawa Japan | |
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| Southeast Asia | |
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| The Influence of World Trade: What Difference Does It Make? | |
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| |
| Migration: Demographic Changes in a New Global World 1300���1750 | |
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| |
| The "New Europes" | |
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| The Columbian Exchange | |
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| The Devastation of the Amerindian Population | |
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| |
| Benefits of the Columbian Exchanges | |
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| North America | |
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| The Antipodes: Australia and New Zealand, 1600���1900 | |
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| South Africa, 1652���1820 | |
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| |
| Russian Expansion | |
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| Slavery: Enforced Migration, 1500���1750 | |
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| |
| The Plantation Economy | |
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| |
| The Slave Trade Reinterpreted | |
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| Asian Migrations, 1300���1750 | |
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| The Ottoman Empire, 1300���1700 | |
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| |
| India: the Mughal Empire, 1526���1707 | |
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| Akbar, Emperor of India | |
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| |
| Safavid Persia, 1400���1700 | |
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| |
| China: the Ming and Manchu Dynasties, 1368���1750 | |
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| |
| Global Population Growth and Movement | |
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| |
| Cities and Demographics | |
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| |
| Delhi/Shahjahanabad | |
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| Isfahan | |
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| Constantinople (Istanbul) | |
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| London | |
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| |
| Migration and Demography:What Difference Do They Make? | |
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| |
| TURNING POINT: Comparisons Across Time | |
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| |
| |
| Social Change (1640���1914) | |
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| |
| Western Revolutions and their Influence | |
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| |
| |
| Political Revolutions in Europe and the Americas: the Birth of Political Rights in the Age of Enlightenment 1649���1830 | |
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| The Scientific Revolution | |
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| Advancements in Science | |
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| A Community of Scientists | |
| |
| |
| Nicholas Copernicus | |
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| Johannes Kepler | |
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| Galileo Galilei | |
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| Isaac Newton | |
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| |
| William Harvey, Anthony van Leeuwenhoek, Carolus Linnaeus | |
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| |
| Human Rights: Philosophical Rationales | |
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| Hobbes and Limits on Power | |
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| The "State of Nature" | |
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| Locke and the Right of Revolution | |
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| Locke, Hobbes, and Property | |
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| Civil War and Revolution in England, 1642���51 | |
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| Civil War, 1642���51 | |
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| |
| The Glorious Revolution, 1688 | |
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| |
| The Bill of Rights | |
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| The Enlightenment | |
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| The Philosophes | |
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| Charles de Secordat, baron de Montesquieu | |
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| |
| Denis Diderot's Encyclopedia | |
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| |
| Voltaire | |
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| "Enlightened Despotism" | |
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| |
| Jean-Jacques Rousseau | |
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| Adam Smith | |
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| Revolution in North America, 1776 | |
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| The Constitution and the Bill of Rights, 1789 | |
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| |
| The First Anti-imperial Revolution | |
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| The "Other" | |
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| |
| The French Revolution and Napoleon, 1789���1812 | |
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| From Protests to Revolution, 1789���91 | |
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| |
| The Revolt of the Poor | |
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| |
| International war, the "Second" Revolution, and the Terror, 1791���99 | |
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| |
| Napoleon in Power, 1799���1812 | |
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| |
| The Napoleonic Wars and the Spread of Revolution, 1799���1812 | |
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| |
| Haiti: Slave Revolution and the Overthrow of Colonialism, 1791���1804 | |
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| |
| The Slave Revolt | |
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| |
| The Anti-imperial Revolt, 1804 | |
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| |
| Britain Abolishes the Slave Trade, 1807 | |
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| |
| Independenceand Disillusionment in Latin America, 1810���30 | |
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| |
| Independence Movements | |
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| |
| Simòn Bolüvar | |
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| |
| Mexico | |
| |
| |
| Brazil | |
| |
| |
| After Independence: Religious and Economic Issues | |
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| |
| Political Revolutions:What Difference Do They Make? | |
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| |
| |
| The Industrial Revolution: A Global Process 1700���1914 | |
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| |
| The Industrial Revolution in Britain,1700���1860 | |
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| |
| A Revolution in Agriculture | |
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| |
| A Revolution in Textile Manufacture | |
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| |
| The Iron Industry | |
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| |
| Industrialization���Stage Two, 1860���1914 | |
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| |
| The Steel and Chemical Industries | |
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| |
| Electrical Inventions | |
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| |
| New Products and New Producers | |
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| |
| Worldwide Effects of the Second Stage | |
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| |
| Industrial Society | |
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| |
| Population Growth and the Industrial Revolution | |
| |
| |
| Winners and Losers in the Industrial Revolution | |
| |
| |
| Redefining Gender | |
| |
| |
| Economic and Political Reform | |
| |
| |
| Women's Suffrage | |
| |
| |
| Labor Movements and Socialism | |
| |
| |
| Karl Marx and the Workers' Revolution | |
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| |
| Labor Organizations | |
| |
| |
| Austriaand Germany | |
| |
| |
| France | |
| |
| |
| The United States | |
| |
| |
| Workers in the Nonindustrialized World | |
| |
| |
| Indentured Labor | |
| |
| |
| New Patterns of Urban Life | |
| |
| |
| The Nature of the City | |
| |
| |
| Living in the City | |
| |
| |
| Urban Planning | |
| |
| |
| The Industrial Revolution: What Difference Does It Make? | |
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| |
| |
| Nationalism, Imperialism, and Resistance: Competition among Industrial Powers 1650���1914 | |
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| |
| Nationalism | |
| |
| |
| Nationalism in the Ottoman Empire American Nationalism | |
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| |
| The New Nations of Italy and Germany | |
| |
| |
| The Rise of Zionism in Europe | |
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| |
| Failed Nationalisms and Delayed Nationalisms | |
| |
| |
| The Disappearance of Poland | |
| |
| |
| Africa, West and East: the Rise and Fall of States | |
| |
| |
| Egyptian Loss of Independence | |
| |
| |
| The European Quest for Empire | |
| |
| |
| The British in India | |
| |
| |
| The Company in Charge | |
| |
| |
| Indian Industry | |
| |
| |
| British Imperial Rule | |
| |
| |
| The British in Burma, Malaya, and Singapore | |
| |
| |
| Europeans in China, 1800���1914 | |
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| |
| The Opium Wars | |
| |
| |
| The Taiping Rebellion | |
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| |
| The Boxer Rebellion | |
| |
| |
| The French in Algeria and Southeast Asia | |
| |
| |
| The Dutch in Indonesia | |
| |
| |
| European Competition and Cooperation: Empire-building in Africa | |
| |
| |
| The Competition for South Africa | |
| |
| |
| Sierra Leone and Liberia: Havens for Former Slaves | |
| |
| |
| Cooperation among Africans and Europeans | |
| |
| |
| The Scramble for Africa | |
| |
| |
| The Berlin Conference | |
| |
| |
| Europeans and Labor Relations in Africa | |
| |
| |
| Gender Relationships in Colonization | |
| |
| |
| Anticolonial Revolts | |
| |
| |
| Japan: From Isolation to Equality | |
| |
| |
| The End of the Shogunate | |
| |
| |
| The Meiji Restoration | |
| |
| |
| Restructuring Government | |
| |
| |
| Restructuring the Economy | |
| |
| |
| Cultural and Educational Changes | |
| |
| |
| Gender Relations | |
| |
| |
| Equality in the Family of Nations | |
| |
| |
| Nationalism and Imperialism:What Difference Do They Make? | |
| |
| |
| TURNING POINT: the Olympics and International Politics | |
| |
| |
| |
| Exploding Technologies (1914���1991) | |
| |
| |
| Contested Visions of a New International Order | |
| |
| |
| |
| Methods of Mass Production and Destruction: Technological Systems 1914���1937 | |
| |
| |
| Technology in the Twentieth Century | |
| |
| |
| Transportation and Communication | |
| |
| |
| Urban Life | |
| |
| |
| Technology and Gender Relations | |
| |
| |
| Scientific Research and Development | |
| |
| |
| Albert Einstein | |
| |
| |
| The Downside of Progress | |
| |
| |
| Fritz Haber | |
| |
| |
| International Role Reversals | |
| |
| |
| India | |
| |
| |
| China | |
| |
| |
| Latin America | |
| |
| |
| The Mexican Revolution, 1910���20 | |
| |
| |
| The Ottoman Empire | |
| |
| |
| World War I | |
| |
| |
| War: A Stalemate from the Start | |
| |
| |
| Postwar Expectations and Results | |
| |
| |
| The Paris Peace Settlements | |
| |
| |
| The League of Nations | |
| |
| |
| Colonies Disappointed | |
| |
| |
| The Russian Revolution | |
| |
| |
| The Build-up to Revolution | |
| |
| |
| Lenin and the Bolshevik Revolution | |
| |
| |
| State Planning in Soviet Russia | |
| |
| |
| Women in the Soviet Union | |
| |
| |
| Postwar America | |
| |
| |
| Worldwide Depression | |
| |
| |
| Methods of Production and Destruction: What Difference Do They Make? | |
| |
| |
| |
| World War II: to Hell and Back 1937���1949 | |
| |
| |
| The Rise of Fascism | |
| |
| |
| Fascism in Italy | |
| |
| |
| Hitler Rises in Germany | |
| |
| |
| Japan Between the Wars | |
| |
| |
| Optimism Revives, Temporarily the Descent Toward War | |
| |
| |
| The Steps to War | |
| |
| |
| The Spanish Civil War | |
| |
| |
| JapanInvades China | |
| |
| |
| Hitler's Early Conquests | |
| |
| |
| World War II, 1939���45 | |
| |
| |
| The War in Europe | |
| |
| |
| The War in the Pacific, 1937���42 | |
| |
| |
| Turning the Tide | |
| |
| |
| The War in the Pacific, 1942���45 | |
| |
| |
| Assessing the War | |
| |
| |
| War and Technology | |
| |
| |
| The Mobilization of Women | |
| |
| |
| The War's Horrors | |
| |
| |
| The Holocaust | |
| |
| |
| The A-Bomb | |
| |
| |
| The Tortured Image of Humanity | |
| |
| |
| Out of the Rubble: the United Nations and Resettlement | |
| |
| |
| The United Nations | |
| |
| |
| Postwar Resettlement | |
| |
| |
| Remembering the War | |
| |
| |
| The Nuremberg Trials | |
| |
| |
| Memorial Museums and Exhibitions | |
| |
| |
| The Terror House | |
| |
| |
| Memorials to Hiroshima | |
| |
| |
| Remembering the Holocaust | |
| |
| |
| Two World Wars: What Difference Do They Make? | |
| |
| |
| |
| Cold War, New Nations, and Revolt Against Authority | |
| |
| |
| Remaking the Post-World War II World:1945���1991 | |
| |
| |
| The Cold War: U.S. vs. USSR | |
| |
| |
| The Cold War in Europe | |
| |
| |
| The Tail Wags the Dog: Client States Draw the Superpowers to War | |
| |
| |
| The Korean War, 1950���53 | |
| |
| |
| The Cold War and U.S. Domestic Politics | |
| |
| |
| McCarthyism and the Red Scare | |
| |
| |
| The Military���Industrial Complex | |
| |
| |
| The Soviet Union and the Cold War | |
| |
| |
| Alexander Solzhenitsyn: Reporting on the Gulag | |
| |
| |
| The USSR under Khrushchev | |
| |
| |
| The "kitchen debate" | |
| |
| |
| Confrontations in Cuba, 1961���62 | |
| |
| |
| The Brezhnev Doctrine | |
| |
| |
| The Mice that Roared: Debacles in Vietnam and Afghanistan | |
| |
| |
| The United States and the Vietnam War | |
| |
| |
| The USSR in Afghanistan | |
| |
| |
| 1968: Revolt Against Authority | |
| |
| |
| The Cold War and the Emergence of New Nations | |
| |
| |
| The Middle East Breaks Free | |
| |
| |
| Asian Nations Declare Independence | |
| |
| |
| African Struggles for Independence | |
| |
| |
| Egypt | |
| |
| |
| Congo | |
| |
| |
| Algeria | |
| |
| |
| Mozambique, Angola, and Guinea-Bissau | |
| |
| |
| The Emergence of the Third World | |
| |
| |
| Third-World Countries Organize | |
| |
| |
| Client States and Proxy Wars | |
| |
| |
| Nicaragua | |
| |
| |
| Guatemala | |
| |
| |
| Chile | |
| |
| |
| The End of the Cold War: the Soviet Union | |
| |
| |
| Dissolves | |
| |
| |
| The Soviet Union's Alternative Model | |
| |
| |
| Gorbachev's Reforms, 1985���91 | |
| |
| |
| Yeltsin Crushes the Coup | |
| |
| |
| Pursuing Peace through Negotiation | |
| |
| |
| Toward a Unified Europe | |
| |
| |
| Japan's Recovery | |
| |
| |
| The UN: Growth and New Missions | |
| |
| |
| NGOs and Transnational Organizations | |
| |
| |
| 1968 : Revolt against Authority | |
| |
| |
| Legacies of the Cold War, Decolonization | |
| |
| |
| Economic and Social Development:What Difference Do They Make? | |
| |
| |
| |
| Chinaand India: Into the Twenty-First Century | |
| |
| |
| Chinaand India: A Comparison | |
| |
| |
| China's Revolutions | |
| |
| |
| Chiang Kai-shek and the Guomindang | |
| |
| |
| Mao Zedong and Peasant Revolt | |
| |
| |
| Gender Issues in the Revolution | |
| |
| |
| The Long March and the Communist Triumph | |
| |
| |
| The Yan'an Soviet | |
| |
| |
| Cooperation with the GMD | |
| |
| |
| The GMD Retreats to Taiwan | |
| |
| |
| The People's Republic of China | |
| |
| |
| Revolutionary Policies | |
| |
| |
| "Let a Hundred Flowers Bloom" | |
| |
| |
| The Great Leap Forward | |
| |
| |
| The Cultural Revolution | |
| |
| |
| Recovery | |
| |
| |
| Women in the People's Republic of China | |
| |
| |
| China's International Relations | |
| |
| |
| The United States | |
| |
| |
| China's Neighbors | |
| |
| |
| India | |
| |
| |
| Postrevolutionary China | |
| |
| |
| India's Struggle for Independence | |
| |
| |
| First Steps Toward Self Rule | |
| |
| |
| Mohandas Gandhi and Civil Disobedience | |
| |
| |
| Gandi Develops Satyagrahain South Africa | |
| |
| |
| Gandhi and the Independence Movement | |
| |
| |
| Cultural Policies | |
| |
| |
| Congress Campaigns for Independence | |
| |
| |
| Gandhi's Leadership | |
| |
| |
| Independenceand Muslim Interests | |
| |
| |
| Independenceand Partition | |
| |
| |
| Hindu Muslim Separation/Partition | |
| |
| |
| Unifying the Nation | |
| |
| |
| Democracy and its Challenges | |
| |
| |
| Indian Politics | |
| |
| |
| Indira Gandhi | |
| |
| |
| Gender Issues | |
| |
| |
| Legal Changes | |
| |
| |
| Social Changes | |
| |
| |
| Economic Changes | |
| |
| |
| Economic and Technological Development | |
| |
| |
| Revolutions in Agriculture | |
| |
| |
| Challenges of Population and Poverty | |
| |
| |
| Industrialization and its Consequences | |
| |
| |
| International Relations | |
| |
| |
| Comparing China and India:What Difference | |
| |
| |
| Does It Make? | |
| |
| |
| TURNING POINT: From Past to Present to Future | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Usefulness of History | |
| |
| |
| Understanding the Present in the Light of the Past | |
| |
| |
| |
| Contemporary History: Evolution, Settlements, and Religion | |
| |
| |
| On Evolution | |
| |
| |
| The DNA Code and its Discoveries | |
| |
| |
| Cloning and Genetic Engineering | |
| |
| |
| The Evolution of Diseases | |
| |
| |
| Gender Relationships | |
| |
| |
| Gay Rights | |
| |
| |
| On Settlements | |
| |
| |
| The Growth of Cities | |
| |
| |
| A Single Global System | |
| |
| |
| Systems of Cities | |
| |
| |
| Cities as Systems | |
| |
| |
| The Impact of Immigration | |
| |
| |
| The Rise of the Urban Slum | |
| |
| |
| Global Research and Planning | |
| |
| |
| On Politics and Empire | |
| |
| |
| The Former Soviet Union | |
| |
| |
| The United States Stands Alone | |
| |
| |
| Terrorism | |
| |
| |
| The Unification of Europe | |
| |
| |
| China: An Emerging Superpower? | |
| |
| |
| Poverty | |
| |
| |
| The Environment | |
| |
| |
| Corruption | |
| |
| |
| The Road to Democracy | |
| |
| |
| On Religion | |
| |
| |
| Theocracy in Iran | |
| |
| |
| Islamic Militants in Afghanistan | |
| |
| |
| Islam, Secularism, and Christianity | |
| |
| |
| Religious Strife in Yugoslavia | |
| |
| |
| Hinduism and Islam in India | |
| |
| |
| Buddhists in Tibet | |
| |
| |
| Judaism | |
| |
| |
| Christianity | |
| |
| |
| Roman Catholicism | |
| |
| |
| Evangelical Christianity | |
| |
| |
| Religion in the United States | |
| |
| |
| The Thematic Approach: What Difference | |
| |
| |
| Does It Make? | |
| |
| |
| |
| Contemporary History: Trade, Social Revolution, Technology, Identity | |
| |
| |
| On Trade | |
| |
| |
| The Institutions of Globalization | |
| |
| |
| The Internet, the World Wide Web, and Containerization | |
| |
| |
| Evaluating Globalization | |
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| Setting Goals for Globalization | |
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| Hazards in the Trade System | |
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| On Social Revolution | |
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| Nationalism | |
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| The Palestinian���Israeli Conflict | |
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| Commerce, Business, and National Borders | |
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| Gender Issues | |
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| Racial Equality | |
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| APartheid in South Africa | |
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| The Truth and Reconciliation Commission | |
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| India's Social Revolution: the Mandal Commission | |
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| AmericaElects an African-American President | |
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| Migration | |
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| United States | |
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| Europe | |
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| Refugees | |
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| Rural���Urban Migration Cultural Expression | |
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| On Technology | |
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| Nanotechnology | |
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| Ecological Technology | |
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| On Identity: What Difference Does It Make? | |