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| Preface | |
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| Developing A Conceptual Framework For Argument | |
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| Argument and Critical Thought | |
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| Critical Thought | |
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| Argumentation and Argument Argument Contexts | |
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| Co-Orientational View of Argument | |
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| Perspectives on Argumentation | |
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| How Argument Perspectives are Used | |
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| Arguer-Based Argument | |
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| Co-Orientational Approach | |
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| Argument Cultures and Ethics | |
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| Culture and Argumentation | |
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| Ethics and Argumentation | |
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| Developing an Ethical Code | |
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| The Parts Of An Argument | |
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| Claims and Propositions | |
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| Nature of Claims and Propositions | |
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| Formulating a Proposition | |
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| Classification of Claims | |
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| Evidence | |
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| Nature of Evidence | |
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| Types of Evidence | |
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| Evaluating Evidence | |
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| Evaluating Statistical Evidence | |
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| Presenting Evidence | |
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| Reasoning | |
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| Role of the Advocate | |
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| Formal Logic and Practical Reasoning | |
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| Reasoning as Inference Making | |
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| Presenting And Critically Evaluating Arguments | |
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| Communicating Arguments | |
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| Arguer as Communicator | |
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| Characteristics of Recipients | |
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| Communication Strategies, Techniques, and Principles Using Language | |
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| Argument Analysis and Criticism | |
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| Benefits of Argument Analysis | |
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| An Approach for Analysis | |
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| Understanding Fallacies | |
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| Developing And Arguing Extended Cases | |
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| Case Construction and Arguing About Facts | |
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| Arguing about Facts, Values, and Policies | |
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| Relating Facts, Values, and Polices | |
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| Issue Mapping | |
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| Principles of Case Construction | |
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| Principles of Refutation | |
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| Developing Fact-Based Cases | |
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| Arguing About Values | |
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| Values and Value Systems | |
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| The Process of Value Change | |
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| Values and Argumentation | |
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| Stock Issues for Value | |
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| Arguments Issues Brief | |
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| Arguing About Polices | |
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| The Future Nature of Policies | |
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| Policy Systems | |
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| Stock Issues in Policy Arguments | |
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| The Issues | |
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| Brief Alternative Formats for Arguing Policies | |
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| Alternative Formats for Refuting Policies | |