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Preface | |
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Children: Our Most Important Resource | |
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A Brief History of Child Welfare & Abortion, Indanticide, and Abandonment | |
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Child Labor and Education | |
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Responsibility for Children | |
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Advocacy in the Provision of Services for Children | |
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The Current Picture of Child Welfare Services | |
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Impact of Current Child Welfare Practices on Children | |
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Services in the Twenty-First Century | |
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Providing Services for Children Today | |
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Summary | |
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Exploration Questions | |
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References | |
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The Changing Family | |
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The Responsibilities and Rights of the Family | |
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The Setting for Today's Family | |
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Profile of Today's Family | |
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Family Roles and Rules | |
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Communication Patterns | |
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Observaton of the Family as a System | |
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Types of Families | |
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The Emotional Climate of Families | |
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The Impact of Culture on Families | |
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Families with Anglo-European Roots | |
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Families with Native American Roots | |
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Families with African American Roots | |
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Families with Hispanic Roots | |
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Families with Asian Roots | |
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Families with Middle Eastern Roots | |
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The Family Life Cycle | |
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Stresses on Families | |
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Parental/Family Dysfunction | |
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Role Definition and Inequality | |
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Parent-Child Relations | |
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Disability;When Families Need Help | |
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Trends | |
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Economic Stressors | |
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The Optional Status of Marriage | |
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The Vanishing Father | |
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Blended Famiies | |
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Resolution of Childhood Conflicts | |
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Changes in Family Control | |
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Summary | |
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Exploration Questions | |
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References | |
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Children and Poverty | |
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Characteristics of Poor Children | |
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Poverty Defined | |
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Why Children Live in Poverty | |
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Consequences of Growing Up in Poverty | |
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Life Stressor Factors | |
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Health and Health Care Factors | |
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Nutritional Factors | |
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Environmental Factors | |
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Educational Factors | |
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Recent Efforts to Fight Poverty | |
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Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) | |
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Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC) | |
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Child Tax Credit | |
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Supplemental Security Income (SSI) | |
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Minimum Wage Increase | |
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State Child Health Insurance Program (SCHIP) | |
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The Economics of Poverty | |
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Reducing Child Poverty | |
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Attitudinal Changes | |
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Complex Combination of Two-Generational Startegies | |
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An Important Footnote | |
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Summary | |
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Exploration Questions | |
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References | |
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Current Societal Problems and Their Impact on Children: Violence, Additiction, and Homelessness | |
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Children and Violence | |
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War in the Streets | |
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Violence in Relationships | |
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The School as War Zone | |
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The Home as a War Zone | |
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Children and Substance Abuse | |
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Addicted Parents | |
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Addicted Children and Adolescents | |
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Effects and Treatment of Adolescent Drug Abuse;Homeless Families | |
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Causes of Homelessness | |
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Homeless Families and Children | |
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Effects of Homelessness on Children | |
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Homeless and Runaway Youths | |
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Changing View of Runaway and Homeless Youths | |
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Problems and Solutions for Runaway/Homeless Youths | |
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Summary | |
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Exploration Questions | |
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References | |
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Early Education and Care: School-Based Services | |
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Early Education and Care Serving Infants and Preschool Children | |
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A Brief History of Daycare Provision | |
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Examining the Goals of Daycare Provision | |
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Types of Daycare;School-Based Programs | |
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Philosophy of Education | |
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Student Support Programs: Addressing Academic, Social, and Emotional Needs | |
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A Team Approach: Parents and Professionals as Partners | |
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Controversial Issues and Dilemmas in the Provision of Services | |
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Trends in the Provision of Educational Services | |
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Summary | |
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Exploration Questions | |
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References | |
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Counseling for Families and Children | |
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What is Counseling? | |
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Basic Assumptions;When a Familie Might Seek Counseling | |
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Self-Referrals | |
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Referrals by Outside Agencies;Attitudes about Receiving Counseling | |
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Self-Referred Clients | |
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Clients Referred from Outside Agencies | |
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Attitudes about Having a Problem | |
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Ethnic and Cross-Cultural Considerations;Changing Attitudes about Counseling | |
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Medical Model versus Holistic Model | |
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The Impact of Feminism;Types of Counseling | |
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The Professions | |
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Settings;The Counseling Process | |
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Assessment, Differential Diagnosis, and Treatment Planning | |
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Modalities;The Experience of Counseling | |
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Consumer Perspective | |
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Professional Perspective;Trends in Counseling Services | |
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External Focuses | |
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Internal Focuses | |
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Evolving Frontiers in Theory and Practice | |
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Ethical Considerations in Counseling | |
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Confidentiality | |
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The Dilemma of Diagnosis | |
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Training | |
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Value System Differences | |
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Counselor/Client Boundaries | |
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Power | |
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Counseling as a Healing Art versus the Business of Mental Health | |
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Band-Aids versus Commitment to Social Change | |
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Summary | |
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Exploration Questions | |
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References | |
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Protecting Children When Families Cannot: Child Abuse and Neglect Historical View | |
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Societal Role of Children | |
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Child Neglect throughout History | |
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Child Labor and Maltreatment | |
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Sexual Moves and Abuses | |
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Efforts to Control Child Abuse;Maltreatment Defined | |
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Physical Abuse | |
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Phsycial Neglect | |
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Sexual Abuse | |
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Emotional or Physchological Abuse;Reporting Child Maltreatment | |
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Intake | |
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Assessment | |
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Case Management and Treatment | |
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Court Intervention in Protective Cases | |
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Juvenille or Civil Court | |
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Criminal Court | |
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The Effect of Court Involvement on Children | |
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The Role of the Protective Services Worker | |
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Future of Protective Services | |
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Narrowing of Services | |
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Summary | |
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Exploration Questions | |
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References | |
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Family Perservation or Child Placement?: Serving the Child's Best Interests Brief History of Family-Based Services | |
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Almshouses and Charities | |
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Scientific Philanthropy | |
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Settlement House Influence | |
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Mothers' | |
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Pensions | |
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Public Child Welfare Services | |
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The Emerging Concept of Permenency Planning | |
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Demonstrating Effectiveness of Family-Based Services | |
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Types of Family-Based Services | |
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Family Support Services | |
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Family Preservation Services | |
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Kinship Care, Family Presevation or Child Placement? | |
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Family Preservation Worker | |
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Perserve the Family or Place the Child? | |
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Shaping the Future of Family-Based Services | |
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Screening of At-Risk Clients | |
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Attention to Cultural Diversity | |
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Selection and Training of Workers | |
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Supervision and Consultation | |
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Operationalism of Program Design Goals | |
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Building Community Supports | |
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Evaluation and Research | |
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Summary | |
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Exploration Questions | |
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References | |
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Court Services on Behald of Childrenb Historical Perspective | |
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The Child Savers | |
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Reform School Movement | |
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The Concept of Parens Patriae | |
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The Emergence of Juvenille Court | |
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Situations Warranting Juvenille Court Intervention | |
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Delinquency | |
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Statues Offenses | |
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Dependency, Abuse, and Neglect | |
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Related Situations Involving Court Interventions | |
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Factors Influencing Court Intervention | |
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The Rights of Juvenilles | |
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Advocating for Children;Juvenille Court Process and Procedures | |
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Intake Stage | |
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Adjudication Stage | |
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Disposition Stage | |
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The Role of the Social Worker and the Court | |
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Consumer Perspective | |
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Alternative Approaches to Court Intervention | |
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Diversion;Treatment of Juvenille Offenders | |
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Trends | |
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Should There Be a Separate Juvenille Court? | |
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Should Status Offenders Come under the Jurisdiction of the Juvenille Court? | |
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What Should Be Done with Serious Offenders? | |
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Summary | |
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Exploration Questions | |
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References | |
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Teenage Pregnancy and Parenting | |
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Definition of Terms | |
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Historical Perspective | |
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Through the Eyes of Society: Myths Revisited | |
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Welfare Mothers | |
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Medical Concerns | |
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Development of the Children | |
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Demographics | |
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Teens at Risk | |
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Family Function | |
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Socioeconomic Status | |
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Previous Sexual Abuse and Date Rape | |
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Educational and Behavioral Difficulties;How Teens Make Decisions about Fertility and Child bearing | |
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Fathers | |
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A Teen's View | |
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Services: Primary Prevention | |
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Programs Focusing on Sexual Antecedents | |
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Programs Focusing on Nonsexual Antecendents | |
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Programs Focusing on Sexual and Nonsexual Antecedents | |
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Culturally Sensitive Interventions | |
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Services: Secondary Prevention | |
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Teen Parents and Their Families | |
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Keeping Fathers Involved | |
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Child Care | |
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Parenting Programs | |
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Residential Programs;Trends in Teen Pregnancy Prevention | |
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Legislative Initiatives | |
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Focus on Research | |
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Philosophical Research | |
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The Media | |
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Summary | |
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Exploration Questions | |
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References | |
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Children in Family Foster Care History of Family Foster Care | |
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Early Beginnings | |
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Foster Care in Recent Years;The Nature of Foster Care Today | |
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Types of Foster Homes | |
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Reasons Children Come into Foster Care;Foster Parents | |
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Recruitment | |
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Homestudy and Training | |
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Placement and Follow-Up | |
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Stresses of Being a Foster Parent | |
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Foster Parents as Part of the Team;Birth Parents with Children in Foster Care | |
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Attitudes and Reactions | |
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Rights and Responsibilites of Birth Parents | |
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When Children Return Home | |
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Children in Foster Care | |
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Feelings about Placement and Separation | |
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Feelings about Natural Parents | |
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Feelings about Foster Parents | |
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Life in Foster Care | |
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Leaving Foster Care | |
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The Role of the Foster Care Social Worker | |
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The Future of Foster Care | |
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Political Influences Trends | |
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Summary | |
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Exploration Questions | |
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References | |
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The Adoption of Children The History of Adoption | |
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Definitions and Assumptions | |
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Types of Adoption;Issues in Adoption Today | |
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Decreased Number of Adoptable Children | |
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Changes in Types of Children Available for Adoption | |
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Controversy over Agency-Assisted versus Independent Adoptions | |
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Adoption Disruptions and the Need for Follow-Up | |
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Openness in Adoption | |
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Effects of Adoption on Children;Adoptive Participants | |
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Birth Parents | |
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Children Available for Adoption | |
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Adoptive Applicants;The Adoptive Process | |
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The Homestudy | |
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Placement and Legalization | |
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Postlegalization Services | |
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Adoption Disruption;The Role of the Adoption Worker | |
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The Search | |
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Supporters of the Search | |
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Who Searches | |
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Search Outcome | |
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Sealed Records | |
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Consent Contracts;Trends | |
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Children Available for Adoption | |
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Permanency Planning | |
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Placement Services for Adolescents | |
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Resources Available | |
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Lifelong Services | |
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Summary | |
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Exploration Questions | |
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References | |
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Children in Residential Settings Historical Perspective | |
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Assumptions about Residential Care | |
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Types of Residential Settings | |
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Diagnostic Services | |
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Intense Therapeutic Services for Dependent Children | |
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Residential Treatment Centers | |
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Rehabilitative or Secure Treatment for Delinquents | |
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Centers for Children with Severe Special Needs;Children in Residential Settings | |
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Reasons for Referral | |
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Adjustment to Placement | |
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Life in a Residential Setting | |
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Components of a Residential Setting | |
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Token Economy and Phase System | |
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The Influence of Peer Culture | |
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Handling Crises in Residential Settings | |
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Sexually Acting Out in Residential Care | |
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Sexual Abuse of Children in Residential Care;Working with Families of Children in Residential Care | |
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Motivation of Parents | |
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Types of Family Treatment | |
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Problems in Working with Families | |
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The Role of Staff in a Residential Setting | |
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Residential Staff | |
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Educational Staff | |
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Clinical Staff | |
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Other Staff Functions | |
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The Frustrations of Staff | |
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Termination | |
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Return Home | |
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Placement in a Foster Home or a Less Restrictive Environment | |
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Placement in a More Restrictive Setting | |
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Hospitalization | |
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Independent Living | |
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Problems within Residential Settings | |
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Staff Issues | |
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Abuse in Residential Settings;Problems for Residential Centers within the Community | |
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Community Support | |
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Detriments to Residentially Placed Youths' | |
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Education | |
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Trends | |
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Population Served Requires a Change in Emphasis | |
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Restriction in Funding | |
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More Effective Evaluation | |
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Family Involvement | |
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Summary | |
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Exploration Questions | |
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References | |
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Our Children's Future What is in Our Children's Future? | |
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Children's Status | |
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Children in Poverty | |
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Children at Risk | |
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Children and Health | |
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Children and Education | |
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Preparing Those Who Help Children | |
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Child Welfare in the Twenty-First Century | |
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Summary | |
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Exploration Questions | |
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References | |
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Name Index | |
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Subject Index | |