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| Socioeconomic Structure, Human Needs, and Mutual Responsibility   | |
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| Overview   | |
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| The Impact of Social and Economic Structures   | |
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| Defining Social Welfare and Social Work   | |
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| The American Myth of the Hero   | |
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| Balancing Individual and Societal Responsibilities  | |
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| Human Rights, Social Justice, Social Work, and Social Welfare  | |
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| Beliefs about Social Justice   | |
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| The Social Minimum: The Standard for Social Justice   | |
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| The NASW Standard: Equal Access and Rights   | |
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| Toward the Social Minimum   | |
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| Views of Social Welfare   | |
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| The Authorsrsquo; Perspective  | |
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| Summary  | |
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| Questions for Consideration   | |
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| Notes  | |
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| Social Values and Social Welfare    | |
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| Overview   | |
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| Modern Views of Humanity   | |
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| Self-Actualization versus Irritation Response | |
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| Theories  | |
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| Economics and Human Motivation   | |
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| An Overview of History    | |
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| Altruism and Mutual Aid   | |
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| Ancient Cultures   | |
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| Egypt   | |
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| Hebrew and Judaic Societies   | |
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| Greece and Rome   | |
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| Early Christianity  | |
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| Holy Poverty and Expectations of the Wealthy  | |
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| Eastern Cultures  | |
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| China   | |
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| India   | |
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| Islam  | |
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| Summary: Evolving Values and Social Welfare   | |
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| Questions for Consideration   | |
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| Notes   | |
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| Social Values and Social Welfare: England from the Middle Ages Onward    | |
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| Overview   | |
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| The Early Middle Ages  | |
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| The Middle Middle Ages   | |
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| The Late Middle Ages to Elizabethan Poor Laws   | |
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| Work and Religion   | |
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| The Poor | |