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Preface | |
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The Nature of Morality | |
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Objectives | |
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What is Philosophy and Ethics Relationship to It? | |
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Key Terms | |
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Approaches to the Study of Morality | |
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Morality and Its Applications | |
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Where Does Morality Come From? | |
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Customary or Traditional and Reflective Morality | |
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Morality, Law, and Religion | |
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Kohlbergs Theory of Moral Development | |
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Why Should Human Beings Be Moral? | |
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Chapter Summary | |
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Exercises for Review | |
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Discussion Questions | |
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Notes | |
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Research Navigator | |
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Consequentialist (Teleological) Theories of Morality | |
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Objectives | |
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Psychological Egoism | |
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Ethical Egoism | |
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Utilitarianism | |
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Difficulty with Consequentialist Theories in General | |
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Care Ethics | |
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Chapter Summary | |
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Exercises for Review | |
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Discussion Questions | |
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Notes | |
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Research Navigator | |
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Nonconsequentialist (Deontological) Theories of Morality | |
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Objectives | |
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Act Nonconsequentialist Theories | |
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Rule Nonconsequentialist Theories | |
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General Criticisms of Nonconsequentialist Theories | |
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Conclusions | |
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Chapter Summary | |
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Exercises for Review | |
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Discussion Questions | |
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Notes | |
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Research Navigator | |
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Virtue Ethics | |
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Objectives | |
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Definition of Terms | |
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Aristotles Nichomachean Ethics | |
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Confucian Moral Self-Cultivation | |
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Confucian Role Ethics | |
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Contemporary Analysis of Virtue Ethics | |
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Who Is The Ideal Virtuous Person? | |
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Vice and Virtue | |
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Conclusions | |
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Chapter Summary | |
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Excersices for Review | |
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Discussion Questions | |
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Notes | |
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Research Navigator | |
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Absolutism versus Relativism | |
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Objectives | |
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The Meanings of Absolute | |
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The Meaning of Relative | |
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Cultural Relativism and Cultural Absolutism | |
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Propositions and Truth | |
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Conclusion | |
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Chapter Summary | |
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Exercises for Review | |
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Discussion Questions | |
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Notes | |
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Research Navigator | |
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Freedom versus Determinism | |
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Objectives | |
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The Meaning of Determinism | |
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Types and Theories of Determinism | |
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Fatalism and Hard and Soft Determinism | |
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Indeterminism | |
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Criticisms of Hard Determinism and Arguments for Freedom | |
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Conclusion: Soft Determinism | |
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Chapter Summary | |
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Exercises for Review | |
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Discussion Questions | |
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Notes | |
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Research Navigator | |
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Reward and Punishment | |
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Objectives | |
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Definition of Key Terms | |
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Reward and Punishment in Relationship to Justice | |
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Elements of Justice | |
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Reward | |
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Theories of How to Reward | |
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John Rawls and His Theory of Justice | |
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Punishment | |
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Theories of Punishment | |
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Is a Synthesis Possible? | |
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Human Rights | |
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Chapter Summary | |
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Exercises for Review | |
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Discussion Questions | |
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Notes | |
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Research Navigator | |
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Setting Up a Moral System: Basic Assumptions and Basic Principles | |
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Objectives | |
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Conflicting General Moral Issues | |
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Basic Assumptions | |
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Basic Principles, Individual Freedom, and Their Justification | |
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Priority of the Basic Principles | |
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A General Way of Determining Priority | |
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Two Categories | |
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How the System of Humanitarian Ethics Works | |
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Conclusion | |
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Chapter Summary | |
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Exercises for Review | |
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Discussion Questions | |
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Note | |
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Research Navigator | |
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The Taking of Human Life | |
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Objectives | |
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The Taking of Human Life | |
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Suicide | |
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Defense of the Innocent (the Self Included) | |
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Cases for Study and Discussion | |
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WarTerrorism | |
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Cases for Study and Discussion | |
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Capital Punishment | |
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Cases for Study and Discussion | |
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Chapter Summary | |