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| To the Instructor | |
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| To the Student | |
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| Writing from Research | |
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| Why Do Research? | |
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| Learning the Conventions of Academic Writing | |
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| Understanding and Avoiding Plagiarism | |
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| Understanding a Research Assignment | |
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| Understanding the Terminology | |
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| Establishing a Schedule | |
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| Finding a Topic | |
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| Relating Your Personal Ideas to a Scholarly Problem | |
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| Connecting Personal Experience to Scholarly Topics | |
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| Speculating about Your Subject to Discover Ideas and to Focus on the Issues | |
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| Talking with Others to Find and Refine the Topic | |
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| Personal Interviews | |
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| Online Discussion Groups | |
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| Using Online Searches to Refine Your Topic | |
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| Using an Online Subject Directory | |
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| Using an Internet Keyword Search | |
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| Using the Library's Electronic Databases to Find and Narrow a Topic | |
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| Using the Library's Electronic Book Catalog to Find a Topic | |
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| Developing a Thesis Statement, Enthymeme, or Hypothesis | |
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| Drafting a Research Proposal | |
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| The Short Proposal | |
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| The Long Proposal | |
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| Your Research Project | |
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| Organizing Ideas and Setting Goals | |
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| Using a Basic Order to Chart the Course of Your Work | |
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| Using Your Research Proposal to Direct Your Notetaking | |
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| Listing Key termsand Phrases to Set Directions for Notetaking | |
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| Writing a Rough Outline | |
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| Using Questions to Identify Issues | |
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| Setting Goals by Using Organizational Patterns | |
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| Using Approaches across the Curriculum to Chart Your Ideas | |
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| Using Your Thesis to Chart the Direction of Your Research | |
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| Arrangement by issues | |
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| Arrangement by Cause/Effect | |
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| Arrangement by Interpretation and Evaluation | |
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| Arrangement by Comparison | |
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| Your Research Project | |
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| Gathering Sources Online | |
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| Beginning an Online Search | |
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| Reading an Online Address | |
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| Using a Search Engine | |
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| Subject Directory Search Engines | |
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| Robot-Driven Search Engines | |
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| Metasearch Engines | |
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| Specialized Search Engines | |
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| Educational Search Engines | |
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| Educational Search Engines Maintained by Libraries | |
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| Searching for Articles in Journals and Magazines | |
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| Online Journals | |
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| Online Magazines | |
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| Searching for Articles in Newspapers and Media Sources | |
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| Searching for Photographs and Other Visual Sources | |
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| Accessing E-books | |
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| Using Listserv, Usenet, and Chat Groups | |
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| E-mail News Groups | |
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| Real-Time Chatting | |
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| Examining Library Holdings via Online Access | |
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| Finding an Internet Bibliography | |
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| Conducting Archival Research on the Internet | |
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| Go to the Library | |
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| Go to an Edited Search Engine | |
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| Go to a Metasearch Engine | |
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| Use Search Engine Directories | |
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| Go to a Listserv or Usenet Group | |
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| Go to Newspaper Archives | |
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| Your Research Project | |
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| Gathering Sources in the Library | |
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| Launching the Search | |
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| Developing a Working Bibliography | |
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| Finding Books on Your Topic | |
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| Using Your Library's Electronic Book Catalog | |
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| Using the Library's Printed Bibliographies | |
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| Finding Articles in Magazines and Journals | |
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| Searching the General Indexes to Periodicals | |
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| Finding Indexes by Topic in Appendix B | |
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| Using the H. W. Wilson Indexes | |
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| Searching for an Index to Abstracts | |
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| Searching for Abstracts of Dissertations | |
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| Searching for a Biography | |
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| Searching for Articles in the Newspaper Indexes | |
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| Searching the Indexes to Pamphlet Files | |
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| Searching for Government Documents | |
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| Searching for Essays within Books | |
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| Using the Microforms | |
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| Your Research Project | |
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| Conducting Field Research | |
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| Investigating Local Sources | |
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| Interviewing Knowledgeable People | |
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| Writing Letters and Corresponding by E-mail | |
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| Reading Personal Papers | |
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| Attending Lectures and Public Addresses | |
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| Investigating Government Documents | |
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| Examining Audiovisual Materials, Television, and Radio | |
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| Conducting a Survey with a Questionnaire | |
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| Conducting Experiments, Tests, and Observation | |
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| Your Research Project | |
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| Understanding and Avoiding Plagiarism | |
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| Using Sources to Enhance Your Credibility | |
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| Placing Your Work in Its Proper Context | |
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| Understanding Copyright | |
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| Avoiding Plagiarism | |
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| Common Knowledge | |
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| Correctly Borrowing from a Source | |
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| Sharing Credit in Collaborative Projects | |
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| Honoring and Crediting Sources in Online Classrooms | |
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| Seeking Permission to Publish Material on Your Web Site | |
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| Your Research Project | |
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| Reading and Evaluating Sources | |
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| Finding Reliable Sources | |
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| Selecting a Mix of Primary and Secondary Sources | |
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| Evaluating Sources | |
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| Evaluating the Key Parts of an Article | |
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| Evaluating the Key Parts of a Book | |
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| Evaluating the Key Parts of an Internet Article | |
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| Outlining a Source | |
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| Summarizing a Source | |
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| Preparing an Annotated Bibliography | |
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| Preparing a Review of the Literature on Topic | |
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| Your Research Project | |
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| Writing Effective Notes and Creating Outlines | |
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| Gathering Printouts, Photocopies, Scanned Images, and Downloaded Data | |
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| Writing Notes of High Quality | |
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| Creating Effective Notes | |
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| Honoring the Conventions of Research Style | |
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| Using a Computer for Notetaking | |
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| Writing Personal Notes | |
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| Writing Direct Quotation Notes | |
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| Quoting Primary Sources | |
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| Quoting Secondary Sources | |
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| Writing Paraphrased Notes | |
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| Writing Summary Notes | |
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| Writing Pr�cis Notes | |
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| Writing Notes from Field Research | |
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| Creating Outlines Using Academic Models | |
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| A General All-Purpose Model | |
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| Model for Advancing Your Ideas and Theories | |
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| Model for the Analysis of Creative Works | |
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| Model for Argument and Persuasion Papers | |
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| Model for Analysis of History | |
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| Model for a Comparative Study | |
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| Writing a Formal Outline | |
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| Using Standard Outline Symbols | |
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| Writing a Formal Topic Outline | |
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| Writing a Formal Sentence Outline | |
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| Your Research Project | |
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| Drafting the Paper in an Academic Style | |
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| Focusing Your Argument | |
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| Maintaining a Focus on Objective Facts and Subjective Ideas | |
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| Refining the Thesis Statement | |
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| Using Questions to Focus the Thesis | |
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| Adjust or Change Your Thesis during Research If Necessary | |
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| Writing an Academic Title | |
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| Drafting the Paper from Your Research Journal, Notes, and Computer Files | |
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| Writing from Your Notes | |
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| Writing with Unity and Coherence | |
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| Writing in the Proper Tense | |
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| Using the Language of the Discipline | |
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| Using Source Material to Enhance Your Writing | |
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| Writing in the Third Person | |
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| Writing with the Passive Voice in an Appropriate Manner | |
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| Using Visuals Effectively in a Research Essay | |
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| File Formats | |
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| Avoiding Sexist and Biased Language | |
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| Your Research Project | |
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| Blending Reference Material into Your Writing by Using MLA Style | |
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| Blending Reference Citations into Your Text | |
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| Making a General Reference without a Page Number | |
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| Beginning with the Author and Ending with a Page Number | |
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| Putting the Page Number Immediately after the Name | |
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| Putting the Name and Page Number at the End of Borrowed Material | |
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| Citing a Source When No Author Is Listed | |
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| Citing the Title of a Magazine Article | |
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| Citing the Title of a Report | |
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| Citing the Name of a Publisher or a Corporate Body | |
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| Citing Nonprint Sources That Have No Page Number | |
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| Citing Internet Sources | |
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| Identify the Source with Name or Title | |
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| Identify the Nature of the Information and Its Credibility | |
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| Omitting Page and Paragraph Numbers to Internet Citations | |
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| Citing Indirect Sources | |
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| Citing Frequent Page References to the Same Work | |
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| Citing Material from Textbooks and Large Anthologies | |
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| Adding Extra Information to In-Text Citations | |
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| One of Several Volumes | |
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| Two or More Works by the Same Writer | |
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| Several Authors in One Citation | |
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| Additional Information with the Page Number | |
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| Punctuating Citations Properly and Consistently | |
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| Commas and Periods | |
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| Semicolons and Colons | |
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| Question Marks and Exclamation Marks | |
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| Single Quotation Marks | |
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| Indenting Long Quotations | |
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| Citing Poetry | |
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| Quoting Two Lines of Poetry or Less | |
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| Quoting Three Lines of Poetry or More | |
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| Indenting Turnovers for Long Lines of Poetry | |
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| Retaining Internal Quotations within a Block | |
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| Providing Translations | |
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| Handling Quotations from a Play | |
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| Altering Initial Capitals in Some Quoted Matter | |
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| Omitting Quoted Matter with Ellipsis Points | |
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| Altering Quotations with Parentheses and Brackets | |
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| Parentheses | |
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| Brackets | |
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| Your Research Project | |
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| Writing the Introduction, Body, and Conclusion | |
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| Writing the Introduction of the Paper | |
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| Provide the Thesis Statement | |
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| Provide the Enthymeme | |
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| Provide a Hypothesis | |
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| Relate to the Well Known | |
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| Provide Background Information | |
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| Review the Literature | |
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| Review the History and Background of the Subject | |
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| Take Exception to Critical Views | |
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| Challenge an Assumption | |
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| Provide a Brief Summary | |
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| Define Key Terms | |
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| Supply Data, Statistics, and Special Evidence | |
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| Writing the Body of the Research Paper | |
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| Organize by Chronology | |
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| Compare or Contrast Issues, Critical Views, and Literary Characters | |
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| Develop Cause and Effect | |
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| Define Your Key Terminology | |
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| Explain a Process | |
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| Ask Questions and Provide Answers | |
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| Cite Evidence from the Source Materials | |
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| Use a Variety of Other Methods | |
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| Writing the Conclusion of the Research Paper | |
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| Restate the Thesis and Reach beyond It | |
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| Close with an Effective Quotation | |
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| Return the Focus of a Literary Study to the Author | |
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| Compare the Past to the Present | |
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| Offer a Directive or Solution | |
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| Discuss Test Results | |
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| Your Research Project | |
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| Revising, ProofReading, and Formatting the Rough Draft | |
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| Conducting a Global Revision | |
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| Revising the Introduction | |
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| Revising the Body | |
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| Revising the Conclusion | |
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| Participating in Peer Review | |
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| Formatting the Paper to MLA Style | |
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| Title Page or Opening Page | |
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| Outline | |
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| Abstract | |
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| The Text of the Paper | |
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| Content Endnotes Page | |
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| Appendix | |
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| Works Cited | |
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| Editing before Typing or Printing | |
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| the Final Manuscript | |
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| Using the Computer to Edit Your Text | |
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| ProofReading on the Screen and on the Printed Manuscript | |
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| Your Research Project | |
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| Sample Papers in MLA Style | |
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| Short Literary Research Paper | |
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| Sample Research Paper | |
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| Works Cited: MLA Style | |
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| Formatting the Works Cited Page | |
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| Index to Works Cited Models: MLA Style | |
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| Works Cited Form -Books | |
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| Works Cited Form - Periodicals | |
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| Works Cited Form - Newspapers | |
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| Works Cited Form - Government Documents | |
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| Works Cited Form - Internet Sources | |
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| Works Cited Form - Citing Database Sources | |
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| Works Cited Form - Other Electronic Sources | |
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| Works Cited Form - Other Sources | |
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| Writing in APA Style | |
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| Writing Theory, Reporting Test Results, or Reviewing Literature | |
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| Theoretical Article | |
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| Report of an Empirical Study | |
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| Review Article | |
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| Writing in the Proper Tense for an APA Research Paper | |
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| Using In-Text Citations in APA Style | |
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| Preparing the List of References | |
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| Formatting an APA Paper | |
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| heoretical Article | |
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| eport of Empirical Research | |
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| eview Article | |
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| Writing the Abstract | |
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| Sample Paper in APA Style | |
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| The Footnote System: CMS Style | |
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| Inserting a Superscript Numeral in Your Text | |
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| Writing Full or Abbreviated Notes | |
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| Formatting and Writing the Footnotes | |
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| Writing Footnotes for Electronic Sources | |
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| Writing Subsequent Footnote References | |
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| Writing Endnotes Rather Than Footnotes | |
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| Writing Content Footnotes or Content Endnotes | |
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| Using the Footnote System for Papers in the Humanities | |
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| Using the Footnote System for Papers in the Fine Arts | |
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| Writing a Bibliography Page for a Paper That Uses Footnotes | |
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| Sample Research Paper in the CMS Style | |
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| CSE Style for the Natural and Applied Sciences | |
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| Guide by Discipline | |
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| Writing In-Text Citations Using the CSE Citation-Sequence System | |
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| Writing a References Page | |
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| Writing In-Text Citations with Name and Year | |
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| Using Name-Year with Bibliography Entries | |
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| Sample Paper Using the CSE Citation-Sequence System | |
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| Creating Electronic Research Projects | |
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| Beginning the Electronic Project | |
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| Using Word Processing | |
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| Building | |
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| Electronic Presentations | |
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| Research Paper Web Pages and Sites | |
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| Creating a Single Web Page | |
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| Creating a Web Site with Multiple Pages | |
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| Using an Editor to Create Web Pages | |
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| Importing, Entering, and Modifying Text | |
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| Citing Your Sources in a Web Research Paper | |
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| Planning Electronic Research Papers | |
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| Creating a Plan for Your Research Paper | |
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| Designing Your Electronic Research Paper | |
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| Using Graphics in Your Electronic Research Paper | |
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| Graphic File Formats | |
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| Creating Your Own Digital Graphics | |
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| Using Sound and Video in Your Electronic Research Paper | |
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| Delivering Your Electronic Research Paper to Readers | |
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| Preparing a Writing Portfolio | |
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| Presenting Research in Alternative Formats | |
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| Your Research Project | |
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| Glossary: Rules and Techniques for Preparing the Manuscript in MLA Style | |
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| Finding Reference Works for Your General Topic | |
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| Credits | |
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| Index | |