| |
| |
| Detailed Contents | |
| |
| |
| Preface | |
| |
| |
| About the Authors | |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| The Elements of Effective Writing | |
| |
| |
| The Faces of Discovery 2 | |
| |
| |
| |
| Understanding the Writing Process | |
| |
| |
| Overview: Discovery through Writing | |
| |
| |
| The Stages of the Writing Process | |
| |
| |
| The Dynamics of Writing | |
| |
| |
| Your Reader | |
| |
| |
| The Purpose behind Your Writing | |
| |
| |
| The Relationship between Writing and Reading | |
| |
| |
| Spotlight Piece Process, Dynamics, and Purpose | |
| |
| |
| Understanding the Subject through Writing | |
| |
| |
| RECAP Understanding the Writing Process | |
| |
| |
| |
| Prewriting: Developing Ideas | |
| |
| |
| Overview: Prewriting | |
| |
| |
| Freewriting | |
| |
| |
| Brainstorming | |
| |
| |
| Clustering | |
| |
| |
| Branching | |
| |
| |
| Idea Mapping | |
| |
| |
| Journal Writing | |
| |
| |
| The Response Journal | |
| |
| |
| Prewriting That's Right for You | |
| |
| |
| Writing Rituals | |
| |
| |
| Check-in Time | |
| |
| |
| Spotlight Piece Development of Prewriting | |
| |
| |
| Ideas | |
| |
| |
| Understanding the Subject through Writing | |
| |
| |
| RECAP Prewriting: Developing Ideas | |
| |
| |
| |
| Composing: Creating Topic Sentences and Supporting Sentences | |
| |
| |
| Overview: Composing | |
| |
| |
| The Paragraph | |
| |
| |
| Topic Focus | |
| |
| |
| Topic Sentence Development | |
| |
| |
| Clear and Specific Topic Sentences | |
| |
| |
| Effective Placement of Topic Sentences | |
| |
| |
| Supporting Ideas | |
| |
| |
| Effective Arrangement of Details and Examples | |
| |
| |
| Writer-Centered Words; Reader-Centered Sentences | |
| |
| |
| The Complete First-Draft Paragraph | |
| |
| |
| Spotlight Piece The Complete First-Draft Writing | |
| |
| |
| Understanding the Subject through Writing | |
| |
| |
| RECAP Composing: Creating Topic Sentences and Supporting Sentences | |
| |
| |
| |
| Revising: Refining Your Draft | |
| |
| |
| Overview: Revision | |
| |
| |
| Reassessment | |
| |
| |
| Redrafting | |
| |
| |
| Editing | |
| |
| |
| Journal Writing | |
| |
| |
| Spotlight Piece A Sample Final Draft | |
| |
| |
| Understanding the Subject through Writing | |
| |
| |
| RECAP Revising: Refining Your Draft | |
| |
| |
| |
| Moving from Paragraph to Essay | |
| |
| |
| Overview: the Difference between a Paragraph and an Essay | |
| |
| |
| Essay Structure | |
| |
| |
| The Essay Writing Process | |
| |
| |
| The Essay Writing Process: A Sample | |
| |
| |
| Journal Writing | |
| |
| |
| Spotlight Piece Considering a Final Draft | |
| |
| |
| Understanding the Subject through Writing | |
| |
| |
| RECAP Moving from Paragraph to Essay | |
| |
| |
| ASSESSMENT 1 | |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| Effective Sentences: Constructing Meaning | |
| |
| |
| The Faces of Discovery | |
| |
| |
| |
| Subjects and Verbs | |
| |
| |
| Overview: Elements of a Complete Sentence | |
| |
| |
| Action Verbs | |
| |
| |
| Linking Verbs | |
| |
| |
| Identifying Subjects | |
| |
| |
| The Simple Subject versus the Complete Subject | |
| |
| |
| Verb Phrases and Compound Verbs | |
| |
| |
| Compound Subjects | |
| |
| |
| Journal Writing | |
| |
| |
| RECAP Subjects and Verbs | |
| |
| |
| |
| Sentence Fragments | |
| |
| |
| Overview: Complete Sentences | |
| |
| |
| Fragments with Missing Verbs | |
| |
| |
| Fragments with Missing Subjects | |
| |
| |
| Phrase Fragments | |
| |
| |
| Appositive Phrase Fragments | |
| |
| |
| Subordinate Clause Fragments | |
| |
| |
| Journal Writing | |
| |
| |
| RECAP Sentence Fragments | |
| |
| |
| |
| Subordination | |
| |
| |
| Overview: Complex Sentences with Supporting Clauses | |
| |
| |
| Simple and Complex Sentences | |
| |
| |
| Subordinating Conjunctions | |
| |
| |
| Relative Pronouns | |
| |
| |
| Punctuation of Subordinate Clauses | |
| |
| |
| Journal Writing | |
| |
| |
| RECAP Subordination | |
| |
| |
| |
| Coordination | |
| |
| |
| Overview: Compound Sentences | |
| |
| |
| Coordinating Conjunctions | |
| |
| |
| Semicolons | |
| |
| |
| Conjunctive Adverbs | |
| |
| |
| Journal Writing | |
| |
| |
| RECAP Coordination | |
| |
| |
| |
| Comma Splices and Run-On Sentences | |
| |
| |
| Overview: Sentence-Combining Errors | |
| |
| |
| Comma Splices and Run-On Sentences | |
| |
| |
| Correcting Comma Splices and Run-Ons with Coordinating Conjunctions | |
| |
| |
| Semicolons | |
| |
| |
| Subordinating Conjunctions | |
| |
| |
| Periods | |
| |
| |
| Journal Writing | |
| |
| |
| RECAP Comma Splices and Run-On Sentences | |
| |
| |
| ASSESSMENT 2 207 | |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| Verbs: Conveying Action and Time | |
| |
| |
| The Faces of Discovery | |
| |
| |
| |
| Maintaining Subject Verb Agreement | |
| |
| |
| Overview: Subject Verb Agreement | |
| |
| |
| Agreement When the Subject Follows the Verb | |
| |
| |
| Sentences Beginning with There and Here | |
| |
| |
| Words That Separate Subjects and Verbs | |
| |
| |
| Problems with Compound Subjects | |
| |
| |
| Agreement with Indefinite Pronouns | |
| |
| |
| Agreement with Collective Nouns, Singular Nouns Ending in -s, and Words Indicating Amounts | |
| |
| |
| Journal Writing | |
| |
| |
| RECAP Maintaining Subject Verb Agreement | |
| |
| |
| |
| Forming Basic Tenses for Regular Verbs | |
| |
| |
| Overview: the Basic Tenses | |
| |
| |
| The Present Tense | |
| |
| |
| The Future Tense | |
| |
| |
| The Past Tense | |
| |
| |
| The Perfect Tenses | |
| |
| |
| Journal Writing | |
| |
| |
| RECAP Forming Basic Tenses for Regular Verbs | |
| |
| |
| |
| Using Irregular Verbs Correctly | |
| |
| |
| Overview: Verbs That Do Not Follow the Rules | |
| |
| |
| A List of Irregular Verbs | |
| |
| |
| Strategies for Mastering Irregular Verbs | |
| |
| |
| Journal Writing | |
| |
| |
| RECAP Using Irregular Verbs Correctly | |
| |
| |
| |
| Using Passive Voice and Progressive Tenses, and Maintaining Consistency in Tense | |
| |
| |
| Overview: Passive Voice and Progressive Tense | |
| |
| |
| Understanding Active and Passive Voice | |
| |
| |
| Progressive Tenses | |
| |
| |
| Consistency in Tense | |
| |
| |
| Journal Writing | |
| |
| |
| RECAP Using Passive Voice and Progressive Tenses, and Maintaining Consistency in Tense | |
| |
| |
| |
| Dealing with Additional Elements of Verb Use | |
| |
| |
| Overview: Special Problems with Verbs | |
| |
| |
| Can and Could | |
| |
| |
| Will and Would | |
| |
| |
| Forms of to Be | |
| |
| |
| Journal Writing | |
| |
| |
| RECAP Dealing with Additional Elements of Verb Use | |
| |
| |
| ASSESSMENT 3 | |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| Sentence Elements: Striving for Precision | |
| |
| |
| The Faces of Discovery | |
| |
| |
| |
| Working with Nouns | |
| |
| |
| Overview: Words That Name | |
| |
| |
| The Function and Form of Nouns | |
| |
| |
| Singular Nouns Ending in -s and Collective Nouns | |
| |
| |
| Cue Words That Identify Number | |
| |
| |
| Journal Writing | |
| |
| |
| RECAP Working with Nouns | |
| |
| |
| |
| Using Pronouns: Considering Case, Clear Pronoun Antecedent | |
| |
| |
| Agreement, and Nonsexist Pronoun Usage | |
| |
| |
| Overview: the Correct Pronoun Choice | |
| |
| |
| Pronoun Types | |
| |
| |
| Pronoun Case | |
| |
| |
| Agreement in Number | |
| |
| |
| Agreement with Indefinite Pronouns | |
| |
| |
| Errors in Agreement with Demonstrative Pronouns and Adjectives | |
| |
| |
| The Role of Reflexive or Intensive Pronouns | |
| |
| |
| Agreement in That, Who, and Which Clauses | |
| |
| |
| Problems with Gender in Pronoun Antecedent Agreement | |
| |
| |
| Avoidance of Sexist Language | |
| |
| |
| Journal Writing | |
| |
| |
| RECAP Using Pronouns: Considering Case, Clear Pronoun Antecedent Agreement, and Nonsexist Pronoun Usage | |
| |
| |
| |
| Working with Adjectives and Adverbs: Using Modifiers Effectively | |
| |
| |
| Overview: Building Precise Detail with Modifiers | |
| |
| |
| The Positive Form of Adjectives and Adverbs | |
| |
| |
| The Comparative Form of Adjectives and Adverbs | |
| |
| |
| The Superlative Form of Adjectives and Adverbs | |
| |
| |
| Irregular and Confusing Modifiers | |
| |
| |
| Double Negatives | |
| |
| |
| Problems with -ing Modifiers | |
| |
| |
| Journal Writing | |
| |
| |
| RECAP Using Modifiers | |
| |
| |
| ASSESSMENT 4 | |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| Consistency Workshop: Aiming for Correctness | |
| |
| |
| The Faces of Discovery | |
| |
| |
| |
| Maintaining Parallelism | |
| |
| |
| Overview: Creating Balance in Writing | |
| |
| |
| Keeping Individual Words in a Series Parallel | |
| |
| |
| Keeping Phrases in a Series Parallel | |
| |
| |
| Parallelism with Correlative Conjunctions | |
| |
| |
| Journal Writing | |
| |
| |
| RECAP Maintaining Parallelism 3 | |
| |
| |
| |
| Mastering Spelling | |
| |
| |
| Overview: the Importance of Correct Spelling | |
| |
| |
| Forming Plurals | |
| |
| |
| Prefixes and Suffixes | |
| |
| |
| Doubling the Final Consonant | |
| |
| |
| Words with ie or ei Combinations | |
| |
| |
| Confusing Endings and Incorrect Forms | |
| |
| |
| Commonly Confused Words | |
| |
| |
| Maintaining a Personal Spelling Dictionary | |
| |
| |
| Journal Writing | |
| |
| |
| RECAP Mastering Spelling | |
| |
| |
| |
| Using Commas | |
| |
| |
| Overview: When Commas Are Needed | |
| |
| |
| Comma Function 1 | |
| |
| |
| To indicate a pause between two simple sentences connected by a coordinating conjunction | |
| |
| |
| Comma Function 2 | |
| |
| |
| To separate items in a series | |
| |
| |
| Comma Function 3 | |
| |
| |
| To separate an introductory phrase from the rest of the sentence | |
| |
| |
| Comma Function 4 | |
| |
| |
| To set off an introductory subordinate clause | |
| |
| |
| Comma Function 5 | |
| |
| |
| To set off word groups that would otherwise interrupt the flow of the sentence | |
| |
| |
| Comma Function 6 | |
| |
| |
| To set off a direct quotation from the rest of the sentence | |
| |
| |
| Comma Function 7 | |
| |
| |
| To punctuate dates and addresses | |
| |
| |
| Journal Writing | |
| |
| |
| RECAP Using Commas | |
| |
| |
| |
| Using Punctuation Properly | |
| |
| |
| Overview: the Role of Punctuation | |
| |
| |
| Periods, Question Marks, and Exclamation Points | |
| |
| |
| Colons and Semicolons | |
| |
| |
| Quotation Marks | |
| |
| |
| Apostrophes | |
| |
| |
| Journal Writing | |
| |
| |
| RECAP Using Punctuation Properly | |
| |
| |
| |
| Capitalizing Correctly | |
| |
| |
| Overview: Proper Capitalization | |
| |
| |
| When Words Should Be Capitalized | |
| |
| |
| Journal Writing | |
| |
| |
| RECAP Capitalizing Correctly | |
| |
| |
| ASSESSMENT 5 | |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| Discovering Connections through Reading | |
| |
| |
| Overview: Active Reading Strategies | |
| |
| |
| Taking Notes | |
| |
| |
| Five Steps to Active Reading | |
| |
| |
| Active Reading Illustrated | |
| |
| |
| To Be an All-American Girl | |
| |
| |
| |
| Education | |
| |
| |
| |
| Becoming a Writer | |
| |
| |
| |
| Complaining | |
| |
| |
| |
| Baseball | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Pleasures of the Text | |
| |
| |
| |
| Remembering India | |
| |
| |
| |
| "Forget the past. No one becomes successful in the past." | |
| |
| |
| |
| Differences in Child Rearing in Russia and the United States | |
| |
| |
| |
| I Do Remember You | |
| |
| |
| |
| Moving to America | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Old Store | |
| |
| |
| |
| Why Couldn't I Have Been Named Ashley? | |
| |
| |
| |
| Appendix Tips for ESL Writers | |
| |
| |
| Credits | |
| |
| |
| Index | |