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| In This Section | |
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| Brief | |
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| Comprehensive | |
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| Brief Table of Contents | |
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| How Sociologists View Social Problems: the Abortion Dilemma | |
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| Interpreting Social Problems: Aging | |
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| Sexual Social Problems | |
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| Alcohol and Other Drugs | |
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| Violence in Society: Rape and Murder | |
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| Crime and Criminal Justice | |
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| Economic Problems: Wealth and Poverty | |
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| Racial-Ethnic Relations | |
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| Inequalities of Gender and Sexual Orientation | |
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| Medical Care: Physical and Mental Illness | |
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| The Changing Family | |
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| Urbanization and Population Issues | |
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| The Environmental Crisis | |
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| War, Terrorism, and the Balance of Power | |
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| Comprehensive Table of Contents | |
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| How Sociologists View Social Problems: the Abortion Dilemma | |
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| The Sociological Imagination | |
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| What Is the Sociological Imagination? | |
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| What Is a Social Problem? | |
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| The Characteristics of Social Problems | |
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| The Natural History of Social Problems: Four Stages | |
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| The First Stage: Defining the Problem, the Emergence of Leaders, and Beginning to Organize | |
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| The Second Stage: Crafting an Official Response | |
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| The Third Stage: Reacting to the Official Response | |
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| The Fourth Stage: Developing Alternative Strategies | |
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| The Role of Sociology in Social Problems | |
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| Sociology as a Tool for Breaking Through Emotions and Defenses | |
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| Sociology and Common Sense | |
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| Methods for Studying Social Problems | |
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| Should Sociologists Take Sides | |
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| SUMMARY AND REVIEW | |
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| Chapter 2: Interpreting Social Problems: Aging | |
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| Sociological Theories and Social Problems | |
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| Functionalism and Social Problems | |
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| Introducing Functionalism | |
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| The Development of Functionalism | |
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| Applying Functionalism to Social Problems | |
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| Functionalism and Social Problems: A Summary | |
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| Conflict Theory and Social Problems | |
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| Introducing Conflict Theory | |
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| The Development of Conflict Theory | |
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| Applying Conflict Theory to Social Problems | |
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| Conflict Theory and Social Problems: A Summary | |
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| Introducing Feminist Theory | |
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| The Development of Feminist Theory | |
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| Applying Feminist Theory to Social Problems | |
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| Symbolic Interactionism and Social Problems | |
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| Introducing Symbolic Interactionism | |
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| The Development of Symbolic Interactionism | |
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| Applying Symbolic Interactionism to Social Problems | |
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| Symbolic Interactionism and Social Problems: A Summary | |
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| The Future of the Problem: the Pendulum Swings | |
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| Changing Objective Conditions and Subjective Concerns | |
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| The Emerging Struggle | |
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| SUMMARY AND REVIEW | |
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| Key Terms | |
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| Thinking Critically About Chapter | |
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| By the Numbers | |
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| Social Problems Related to Sexual Behavior | |
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| Objective Conditions and Subjective Concerns | |
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| Prostitution | |
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| Background: Getting the Larger Picture | |
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| Prostitution Viewed Theoretically: Applying Functionalism | |
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| Research on Prostitution | |
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| Pornography | |
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| Background: Getting the Larger Picture | |
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| Pornography Viewed Theoretically: Applying Symbolic Interactionism | |
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| Controversy and Research on Pornography | |
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| Social Policy | |
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| The Question of Making Consensual Behavior Illegal | |
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| Alternatives to Making Consensual Behavior Illegal | |
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| The Future of the Problem | |
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| Prostitution and the Future | |
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| Pornography and the Future | |
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| SUMMARY AND REVIEW | |
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| Alcohol and Other Drugs | |
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| The Problem in Sociological Perspective | |
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| Background of the Problem | |
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| Attempts to Deal with the Problem | |
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| The Scope of the Problem | |
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| The Social Problem and the Pro-Drug Orientation of U.S. Society | |
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| Drug Abuse as Personal or Social Problem | |
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| Addiction and Dependence | |
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| Looking at the Problem Theoretically | |
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| Symbolic Interactionism | |
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| Functionalism | |
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| Conflict Theory | |
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| Research Findings: the Use and Abuse of Drugs | |
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| Medicalizing Human Problems | |
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| Illegal Drug Use by Students | |
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| The Effects of Drugs | |
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| Research Findings: the Recreational Mood Elevators | |
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| Alcohol | |
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| Nicotine | |
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| Research Findings: the Hallucinogens | |
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| LSD | |
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| Peyote and Mescaline | |
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| Psilocybin | |
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| PCP | |
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| Ecstasy | |
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| Research Findings: the Amphetamines, Barbiturates, and Heroin | |
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| Amphetamines | |
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| Barbiturates | |
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| Heroin | |
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| Research Findings: Narcotics, Crime, and the Law | |
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| Social Policy | |
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| The Dilemmas of Social Policy | |
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| The Future of the Problem | |
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| SUMMARY AND REVIEW | |
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| Violence in Society: Rape and Murder | |
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| The Problem in Sociological Perspective | |
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| The Sociological Perspective on Violence | |
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| The Scope of the Problem | |
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| What Makes Violence a Social Problem? | |
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| Looking at the Problem Theoretically | |
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| Nonsociological Theories | |
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| Symbolic Interactionism | |
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| Functionalism | |
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| Conflict Theory | |
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| Research Findings | |
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| Rape | |
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| The Natural History of Rape as a Social Problem | |
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| The Social Patterns of Rape | |
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| Profiling the Rapist | |
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| Reactions to Rape | |
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| Murder | |
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| The Social Patterns of Murder | |
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| Explaining Social Patterns | |
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| Social Policy | |
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| Global Concerns: Preventing Violence | |
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| The Future of the Problem | |
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| SUMMARY AND REVIEW | |
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| Crime and Criminal Justice | |
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| The Problem in Sociological Perspective | |
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| The Scope of the Problem | |
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| Crime as a Social Problem | |
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| Looking at the Problem Theoretically | |
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| Symbolic Interactionism | |
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| Functionalism | |
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| Conflict Theory | |
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| Types of Crime | |
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| Juvenile Delinquency | |
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| White-Collar Crime | |
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| Professional and Organized Crime | |
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| Political Crime | |
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| The Criminal Justice System | |
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| The Criminal Justice System as a Social Problem | |
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| The Sting of Justice | |
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| Bias in the Criminal Justice System | |
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| The Death Penalty | |
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| The Prison Experience | |
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| Social Policy | |
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| The Future of the Problem | |
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| SUMMARY AND REVIEW | |
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| Economic Problems: Wealth and Poverty | |
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| The Problem in Sociological Perspective | |
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| Economic Systems and Changes | |
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| Economic Problems Facing the United States | |
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| The Nature of Poverty | |
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| The Scope of the Problem | |
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| Subjective Concerns and Objective Conditions | |
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| The Situation Today | |
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| Social Inequality | |
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| Distribution of Income and Wealth | |
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| The Impact of Poverty | |
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| Looking at the Problem Theoretically | |
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| Symbolic Interactionism | |
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| Changing Meanings of Poverty | |
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| Functionalism | |
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| Conflict Theory | |
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| Summary of Theoretical Approaches | |
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| Research Findings | |
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| Who Are the Poor? | |
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| Is There a Culture of Poverty? | |
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| Who Rules America? | |
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| Inequality and Global Power | |
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| Social Policy | |
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| Historical Changes in Social Policy | |
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| Progressive Taxation | |
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| Public Assistance Programs | |
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| The Feminization of Poverty | |
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| Private Agencies and Volunteer Organizations | |
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| The Purpose of Helping the Poor | |
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| Providing Jobs | |
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| Education Accounts | |
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| Giving the Poor More Money | |
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| The Future of the Problem | |
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| SUMMARY AND REVIEW | |
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| Racial-Ethnic Relations | |
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| The Problem in Sociological Perspective | |
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| The Scope of the Problem | |
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| What Is the Problem? | |
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| Looking at the Problem Theoretically | |
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| Symbolic Interactionism | |
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| Functionalism | |
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| Conflict Theory | |
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| Summary of Theoretical Approaches | |
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| Research Findings | |
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| Native Americans | |
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| Latinos (Hispanics) | |
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| African Americans | |
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| Asian Americans | |
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| Social Policy | |
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| Encouraging Cultural Pluralism | |
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| Preventing Discrimination | |
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| The Dilemma of Affirmative Action | |
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| Principles for Improving Relations | |
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| The Future of the Problem | |
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| SUMMARY AND REVIEW | |
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| Inequalities of Gender and Sexual Orientation | |
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| The Problem in Sociological Perspective | |
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| The Scope of the Problem | |
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| Looking at the Problem Theoretically | |
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| Symbolic Interactionism | |
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| Functionalism | |
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| Conflict Theory | |
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| Research Findings | |
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| Are There Natural Differences Between the Sexes? | |
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| Everyday Life | |
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| Education | |
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| The Mass Media | |
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| The World of Politics | |
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| The World of Work | |
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| Why Is Our Workforce Segregated by Sex? | |
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| Sexual Harassment | |
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| Homosexuality | |
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| Background: Getting the Larger Picture | |
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| Homosexuality Viewed Theoretically: Applying Conflict Theory | |
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| Research on Homosexuality | |
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| Homosexuality and the Future | |
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| Violence Against Women | |
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| Social Policy | |
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| Irreconcilable Ideologies | |
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| The Future of the Problem | |
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| SUMMARY AND REVIEW | |
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| Medical Care: Physical and Mental Illness | |
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| The Problem in Sociological Perspective | |
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| The Social Nature of Health and Illness | |
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| The Social Organization of Medicine as a Source of Problems | |
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| The Scope of the Problem | |
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| Physical Illness as a Social Problem | |
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| Mental Illness as a Social Problem | |
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| Looking at the Problem Theoretically | |
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| Symbolic Interactionism | |
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| Functionalism | |
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| Conflict Theory | |
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| Research Findings | |
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| An Overview of Physical Health Problems | |
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| How Disease is Related to Behavior and Environment: the Case of HIV/AIDS | |
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| Social Inequalities in Physical Illness | |
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| Social Inequalities in Mental Illness | |
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| Social Policy | |
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| Being Paid to Stay Healthy | |
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| Prepaid Medical Care: the Example of Managed Care | |
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| Physician Assistants | |
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| Training Physicians | |
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| Domiciliary Care | |
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| Preventive Medicine | |
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| Humanizing Health Care | |
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| Self-Care Groups | |
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| The Future of the Problem | |
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| Technology | |
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| Redirecting Medicine | |
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| The Potential | |
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| SUMMARY AND REVIEW | |
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| The Changing Family | |
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| The Problem in Sociological Perspective | |
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| Effects of the Industrial Revolution on the Family | |
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| The Scope of the Problem | |
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| Divorce | |
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| One-Parent Families | |
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| Other Problems | |
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| Looking at the Problem Theoretically: Why is Divorce Common? | |
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| Symbolic Interactionism | |
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| Functionalism | |
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| Conflict and Feminist Theory | |
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| Research Findings | |
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| Cohabitation and the Marrying at a Later Age | |
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| Child-Free Couples | |
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| The Mythical Child | |
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| Family Violence | |
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| Sexual Abuse in the Family | |
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| Old Age and Widowhood | |
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| The Death of the Family? | |
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| Social Policy | |
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| The Future of the Problem | |
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| SUMMARY AND REVIEW | |
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| Urbanization and Population Issues | |
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| Urbanization Sociological Perspective | |
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| The Scope of the Problem | |
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| Looking at the Problem Theoretically | |
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| Symbolic Interactionism | |
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| Functionalism | |
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| Conflict Theory | |
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| Research Findings | |
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| Alienation in the City | |
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| Community in the City | |
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| The Decline of the Central City | |
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| Youth Gangs | |
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| Schools | |
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| Riots | |
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| The City in Change | |
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| The Megalopolis | |
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| Social Policy | |
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| Specific Programs | |
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| Educating the Poor | |
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| The Future of the Problem | |
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| Population in Sociological Perspective | |
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| The Scope of the Problem | |
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| Looking at the Problem Theoretically | |
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| Symbolic Interactionism | |
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| Functionalism | |
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| Conflict Theory | |
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| Research Findings | |
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| The New Malthusians | |
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| The Anti-Malthusians | |
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| Has the Population Explosion Peaked? | |
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| Problems in Forecasting Population Growth | |
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| Does the United States Have a Population Problem? | |
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| Social Policy | |
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| Exporting Western Agriculture | |
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| Policy Implications of the Anti-Malthusians | |
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| Policy Implications of the New Malthusians | |
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| Restructuring Global Markets | |
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| Illegal Immigration | |
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| The Future of the Problem | |
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| The New Malthusian Viewpoint | |
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| The Anti-Malthusian Viewpoint | |
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| The Long-Term Anti-Malthusian Viewpoint | |
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| SUMMARY AND REVIEW | |
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| The Environmental Crisis | |
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| The Problem in Sociological Perspective | |
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| Environmental Destruction in the Past: the Myth of the Noble Savage | |
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| The Tragedy of the Commons | |
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| The Scope of the Problem | |
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| "Everything is Connected to Everything Else" | |
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| Looking at the Problem Theoretically | |
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| Symbolic Interactionism | |
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| Functionalism | |
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| Conflict Theory | |
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| Research Findings | |
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| Air Pollution | |
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| Land Pollution | |
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| Water Pollution | |
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| Chemical Pollution | |
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| Nuclear Pollution | |
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| Food Pollution | |
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| Pollution in the Industrializing Nations | |
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| Getting the Other Side | |
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| Of Special Concern: the Tropical Rain Forests | |
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| Energy and Resources | |
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| Reconciling the Positions | |
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| Social Policy | |
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| Oppositional Viewpoints and Overarching Solutions | |
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| Pollution | |
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| Energy | |
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| Moral Issues in a Global Age | |
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| The Future of the Problem | |
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| Energy | |
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| Pollution | |
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| SUMMARY AND REVIEW | |
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| War, Terrorism, and the Balance of Power | |
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| The Problem in Sociological Perspective | |
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| Why is War Common? | |
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| Why Do Some Groups Choose War? | |
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| The Scope of the Problem | |
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| War in the History of the West | |
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| Measuring War in Terms of Deaths | |
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| Looking at the Problem Theoretically | |
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| Symbolic Interactionism | |
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| Functionalism | |
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| Conflict Theory | |
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| The Military Machine Today | |
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| Research Findings | |
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| What Reduces War? | |
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| The Costs of War | |
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| The Military-Industrial Complex | |
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| The Possibility of Accidental War | |
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| Biological and Chemical Warfare | |
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| Terrorism | |
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| Social Policy | |
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| Political Terrorism | |
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| Nuclear Warfare and the Elusive Path to Peace | |
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| The Future of the Problem | |
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| SUMMARY AND REVIEW | |