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Preface | |
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Achievement Assessment and Instruction | |
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Relation Between Instruction and Assessment | |
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Assessment in the Instructional Process | |
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Other Ways Assessments Can Aid Learning | |
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Teachers' Standards for Student Assessment | |
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Summary of Points | |
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References and Additional Reading | |
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Nature of Student Assessment | |
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Major Types of Assessment Methods | |
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Guidelines for Effective Student Assessment | |
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Norm-Referenced and Criterion-Referenced Assessment | |
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Summary of Points | |
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References and Additional Reading | |
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Planning for Assessment | |
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Using Taxonomies as a Guide | |
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Role of Instructional Objectives | |
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Preparing for Assessment | |
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Types of Assessment Procedures | |
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Validity and Reliability in Assessment Planning | |
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Summary of Points | |
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References and Additional Reading | |
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Validity and Reliability | |
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Validity | |
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Reliability | |
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Summary of Points | |
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References and Additional Reading | |
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Preparing and Using Achievement Tests | |
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Specifying the Instructional Objectives | |
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Preparing the Test Specifications | |
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Considerations in Constructing Relevant Test Items | |
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General Guidelines for Item Writing | |
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Arranging the Items in the Test | |
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Preparing Directions | |
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Administering and Scoring the Test | |
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Analyzing the Effectiveness of Test Items | |
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Summary of Points | |
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References and Additional Reading | |
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Writing Selection Items: Multiple Choice | |
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Nature of Multiple-Choice Items | |
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Rules for Writing Multiple-Choice Items | |
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Summary of Points | |
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References and Additional Reading | |
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Writing Selection Items: True-False, Matching, and Interpretive Exercise | |
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True-False Items | |
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Matching Items | |
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The Interpretive Exercise | |
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Summary of Points | |
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References and Additional Reading | |
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Writing Supply Items: Short Answer and Essay | |
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Short-Answer Items | |
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Essay Questions | |
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Summary of Points | |
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References and Additional Reading | |
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Performance Assessments | |
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Components of Performance Skills | |
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Stating Objectives for Performance Assessment | |
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Restricted and Extended Performance Tasks | |
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Steps in Preparing Performance Assessments | |
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Making Performance Assessments More Authentic | |
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Summary of Points | |
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References and Additional Reading | |
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Preparing for Performance Assessments | |
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Prepare the Environment | |
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Prepare the Student | |
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Prepare the Observer | |
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Diagnostic Performance Assessments | |
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Summary of Points | |
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References and Additional Reading | |
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Portfolio Assessment | |
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Advantages of Using Classroom Portfolios | |
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Planning for the Use of Portfolios | |
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Evaluating the Portfolio | |
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Summary of Points | |
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References and Additional Reading | |
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Grading and Reporting | |
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Selecting the Basis for Grading | |
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Combining Data for Grading | |
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Electronic Grading | |
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Guidelines for Effective and Fair Grading | |
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Reporting to Students and Parents | |
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Summary of Points | |
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References and Additional Reading | |
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Interpreting Standardized Achievement Test Scores | |
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Features of Standardized Achievement Tests | |
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Interpreting Norm-Referenced Scores | |
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Criterion-Referenced Interpretation | |
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Summary of Points | |
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References and Additional Reading | |
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Revised Edition of Bloom's Taxonomy of Educational Objectives | |
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Glossary | |
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Index | |