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| Preface to First Edition | |
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| Preface to Second Edition | |
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| Preface to Third Edition | |
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| Introduction | |
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| The Cycle of Bias | |
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| Two Dangerous Assumptions | |
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| A Whole New Way of Thinking | |
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| What You Will Learn | |
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| What Do We Mean by Sex and Gender? | |
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| Outline of the Text | |
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| Keeping Sex Differences in Perspective | |
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| A Brief Historical Perspective on Sex-Difference Research | |
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| Whose History Is It, Anyway? | |
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| The Search for Proof of Women's Inferiority | |
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| Sociobiology and Evolutionary Psychology: Today's Social Darwinism? | |
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| Summary of Some Problematic Patterns | |
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| Using Scientific Method to Study Sex and Gender | |
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| Choosing What to Study | |
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| Determining Exactly What You're Looking For | |
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| Designing the Research | |
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| Carrying Out the Study | |
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| Interpreting the Results | |
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| Meta-Analysis: Combining Studies | |
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| Why Study Sex/Gender Differences? | |
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| Are Boys Better than Girls at Math? | |
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| Measuring "Math Reasoning Ability" | |
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| The Problem of Obtaining a Uniform Sample | |
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| The Power of Suggestion | |
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| From Specific to General | |
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| The Unjustified Claim That Males' Superiority Is Innate | |
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| A Recent Development | |
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| Sex Differences in Spatial Abilities | |
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| What Are Spatial Abilities? | |
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| Extent of Sex Differences | |
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| Building Theories on Shifting Sands | |
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| Do Females Have Better Verbal Abilities than Males? | |
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| What Are Verbal Abilities? | |
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| Are There Sex Differences in Verbal Abilities? | |
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| Problems with Test Construction | |
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| Why Have Some People Believed in Females' Verbal Superiority? | |
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| Modern Research About Sex Differences in the Brain | |
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| Studying the Brain: What Can and Can't We Learn from This Complementary Approach to Sex-Difference Research? | |
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| How Brain Structure and Function Are Measured | |
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| Laying Bare the Assumptions Underlying Brain Research About Sex Differences | |
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| An Example: The Connection Between the Hemispheres of the Brain | |
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| Do Hormones Make the Woman-or the Man? | |
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| What Could "PMS" Be? | |
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| What Is Postpartum Depression? | |
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| Is Menopause a Problem? | |
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| Why It's Hard to Investigate Hormonally Caused Problems | |
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| Is There a "Male Menopause"? | |
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| The Choice of Research Question | |
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| Sexuality | |
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| Males as the Standard | |
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| Prototypes and Stereotypes | |
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| Are Findings of Difference Universal? Cross-Cultural Comparisons | |
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| Are Findings of Difference Biologically Based? Comparative Animal Studies | |
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| Some Notes About Sexual Orientation | |
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| Homosexuality Called a Disorder | |
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| The "Causes" of Homosexuality | |
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| "Gender Identity Disorder" | |
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| The Myth of Women's Masochism | |
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| May's Study | |
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| A New Look at Females and Masochism | |
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| Should Relational Abilities Be Called "Dependency"? | |
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| Dependency and Emotions | |
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| Are Females Morally Inferior to Males? | |
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| Assertiveness | |
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| A Revealing Pair of Studies | |
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| Sex Differences in Aggression | |
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| Is Males' Greater Aggressiveness Innate? | |
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| The Research on Sex Differences in Aggression | |
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| Are Females Aggressive in Different Ways? | |
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| Some Social and Political Consequences of Assumptions About Aggression | |
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| Toward a More Enlightened Future | |
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| Mother-Blame | |
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| Is Mother-Blame Either Justified or Helpful? | |
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| Distortions of Father's Role | |
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| Why Does Mother-Blaming Occur? | |
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| Breaking the Cycle of Bias: Becoming an Informed Judge of Research | |
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| References | |
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| Index | |