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List of Features | |
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List of Maps and Color Plates | |
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Map of National Capitals | |
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Preface | |
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About the Authors | |
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The First Peoples of the Americas | |
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The First Americans | |
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Coming to America | |
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Subsistence Strategies and the Development of Agriculture | |
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Sedentary Communities and Ceremonial Centers | |
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Ceremonial Centers in Mexico and Peru | |
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The Olmec: "Mother Culture" of Mexico? | |
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Chavin de Huantar in Peru | |
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The Cities of Classic Mesoamerica | |
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Monte Alban | |
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Teotihuacan | |
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Maya Civilization in the Classic Era | |
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Peru After Chavin | |
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The Moche | |
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The Nazca | |
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Tiwemaku | |
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The Wari Empire | |
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Mesoamerica and Peru, 900-1400 C.E. | |
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The Toltecs | |
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The Mixtecs of Oaxaca | |
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The Post-Classic Maya | |
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Peru after Tiwanaku and Wari | |
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The World of Early Americans | |
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People and Their Environment | |
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Early Americans and Their Beliefs | |
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Communities, States, and War | |
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Conclusion | |
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Learning More About Latin Americans | |
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How Historians Understand: Archaeology, Literacy, and the Study of History | |
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Latin American Lives: Pacal the Great, King of Palenque, 603-683 C.E. | |
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Slice of Life: The Craft Workers of Chan Chan, 1400 C.E. | |
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Americans and Iberians on the Eve of Contact | |
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Mesoamerica in the Fifteenth Century | |
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The Rise of the Mexica | |
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Mexica Statecraft | |
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Mexica Religion | |
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Everyday Life in the Time of the Mexica | |
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Mesoamerica on the Eve of the Spanish Invasion | |
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The Andes in the Fifteenth Century | |
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The Rise of the Incas | |
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Inca Statecraft | |
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Andean Religion in the Time of the Incas | |
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Everyday Life in the Time of the Incas | |
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The Aztecs and Incas Compared | |
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The Diversity of American Peoples | |
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The Tainos and Caribs | |
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The Tupi of Coastal Brazil | |
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The "Pueblo" Peoples of New Mexico | |
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The Spanish and the Portuguese | |
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Centuries of Conquest | |
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Medieval Iberia and the Reconquista | |
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Iberian Monarchies in the Fifteenth Century | |
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The Breakdown of Iberian "Convivencia" | |
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Iberian Society in the Fifteenth Century | |
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Iberia and the Beginnings of Overseas Expansion | |
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Conclusion | |
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Learning More About Latin Americans | |
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How Historians Understand: Counting People in Past Societies | |
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Latin American Lives: Tanta Carhua, Bride of the Sun | |
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Slice of Life: The Marketplace at Tlatelolco | |
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The European Conquest of America | |
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The Europeans Arrive | |
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Columbus and the First Encounters | |
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The Caribbean Colonies | |
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The Portuguese in Brazil | |
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The Spanish in Mesoamerica and the Andes | |
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Cortes and the Aztecs | |
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The Search for "Otro Mexico" | |
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The Pizarros and the Incas | |
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Military Conquest or Strategic Alliance? | |
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Building a Colonial Society | |
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The Ecological Conquest | |
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Conquistadors, Encomenderos, and Native Peoples | |
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A Multiracial Society in Formation | |
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The "Spiritual Conquest" of Latin America | |
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Early Evangelization | |
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The Impact of Evangelization | |
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Resistance to Christianity | |
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The Consolidation of Colonial Empires | |
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The Viceroyalties of New Spain and Peru | |
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The Spanish Colonial Bureaucracy | |
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Royal Government in Brazil | |
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The Church in Spanish America and Brazil | |
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The Spanish and Portuguese Empires | |
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Conclusion | |
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Learning More About Latin Americans | |
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How Historians Understand: Malinche and the Uses of Historical Memory | |
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Latin American Lives: Bartolome de Las Casas, 1474-1566 | |
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Slice of Life: The Cuzco Cabildo Founds a Convent, 1551 | |
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The Iberians' New World | |
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The Lure of Precious Metals | |
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The Silver Boom | |
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Labor and Technology in Silver Mining | |
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Procuring a Labor Supply | |
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Gold Mining in Brazil | |
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Agriculture | |
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Sugar Plantations | |
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Haciendas and Ranches | |
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Landownership | |
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Landed Elites | |
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Rural Society | |
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Trade and Transportation | |
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International Commerce | |
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Overland Transport | |
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Merchants | |
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Mercantile Restrictions | |
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Cities and Towns in the Iberians' New World | |
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Capital Cities | |
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Provincial Capitals and Other Towns | |
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Urban Amenities | |
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Urban Working Classes | |
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Conclusion | |
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Learning More About Latin Americans | |
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How Historians Understand: Documenting Colonial Enterprise | |
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Latin American Lives: Antonio Lopez de Quiroga, Bolivian Entrepreneur | |
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Slice of Life: The Safra in Colonial Brazil | |
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The Amerindians' Changing World | |
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Native Communities in Mesoamerica and the Andes | |
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Shifting Populations in the Republica de Indios | |
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Local Government in the Republica de Indios | |
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Subsistence and Survival in the Republica de Indios | |
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Native Communities and the Cash Economy | |
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Families and Households in the Republica de Indios | |
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Religion and Community Life in the Republica de Indios | |
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Natives as Catholics | |
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Belief and Practice in the Republica de Indios | |
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Religion and Community Identity | |
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Mission Indians | |
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Jesuit and Franciscan Missions | |
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Native Peoples in the Jesuit and Franciscan Missions | |
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Mission Indians and Colonial Society | |
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Native Peoples and the Colonial Order | |
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Indians in the Republica de Espanoles | |
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"Indios Barbaros" | |
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Regional Revolts | |
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Native Historical Memory and the Colonial Order | |
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Conclusion | |
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Learning More About Latin Americans | |
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How Historians Understand: Measuring Acculturation Using Indigenous Language Sources | |
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Latin American Lives: Felipe Guaman Poma de Ayala | |
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Slice of Life: The Indians of Oaxtepec Defend Their Land and Water | |
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A New People and Their World | |
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The Making of Multiethnic Societies | |
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Spanish and Portuguese Immigrants | |
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Creoles | |
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Mestizos and Mamelucos | |
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African Slaves | |
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Slave Resistance | |
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Maroon Communities | |
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Free Blacks and Mulattos | |
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Race and Class in Colonial Latin America | |
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Social and Cultural Definitions of Race | |
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Class and Ethnicity | |
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Honor, Gender, and Patriarchy | |
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Honor and the Patriarchal Family | |
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Marriage and the Family | |
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Honor and Sexuality | |
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Honor and Homosexuality | |
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The Limits of Patriarchy | |
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Convents: "Islands of Women" | |
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Convents and Colonial Society | |
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Conformity and Defiance in Colonial Society | |
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The Social Etiquette of Everyday Life | |
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The Administration of Justice | |
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The Inquisition and Deviant Behavior | |
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Rituals of Rule | |
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Scatological Songs and Dances of Defiance | |
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Conclusion | |
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Learning More About Latin Americans | |
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How Historians Understand: Parish Registers and the Study of Colonial Society | |
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Latin American Lives: Juana de Cobos, Baker in Chihuahua | |
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Slice of Life: Corpus Christi in Cuzco | |
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The Shifting Fortunes of Colonial Empires | |
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The Spanish and Portuguese Empires in Eighteenth-Century Politics | |
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Great Britain and Latin America | |
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The Seven Years' War | |
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The American Revolution and Latin America | |
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The French Revolution and Latin America | |
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The Haitian Revolution | |
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The Bourbon and Pombaline Reforms | |
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Defending the Spanish Empire | |
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Administrative Restructuring and New Viceroyalties | |
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The Power of the Church | |
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Economic Development | |
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Latin American Peoples in the Age of Revolution | |
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Social Change in the Late Colonial Period | |
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The Changing Face of Colonial Cities | |
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The Enlightenment in Latin America | |
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Resistance and Rebellion in the Late Colonial Period | |
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Developing Creole Consciousness | |
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Resistance to the Bourbon Reforms | |
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Conspiracies in Brazil | |
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The Great Rebellion in Peru | |
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Conclusion | |
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Learning More About Latin Americans | |
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How Historians Understand: Revisionism and the Debate over Comparative Slavery | |
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Latin American Lives: Jose Gabriel Condorcanqui, Tupac Amaru II | |
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Slice of Life: The Royal Tobacco Factory in Mexico City | |
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The New Nations of Latin America | |
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Spanish America and the Crisis of 1808 | |
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Spain and the Napoleonic Invasion | |
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Representative Government in Spain and America, 1808-1814 | |
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The "American Question" | |
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Spanish American Grievances and the Crisis of 1808 | |
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Mexico | |
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Venezuela | |
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Argentina | |
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Spanish American Independence | |
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The Final Campaigns | |
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Regional Conflicts in the Spanish American Struggle for Independence | |
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The Independence of Brazil | |
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The Portuguese Monarchy in Brazil | |
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Popular Unrest in Brazil | |
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The Culmination of Brazilian Independence | |
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The Meaning of Independence | |
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Conclusion | |
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Learning More About Latin Americans | |
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How Historians Understand: Were the Wars of Independence the Turning Point? | |
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Latin American Lives: Jose Antonio Aponte, Sculptor of Havana | |
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Slice of Life: The 16th of September: Independence Day in Mexico | |
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Glossary | |
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Credits | |
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Index | |