| |
| |
| Foreword | |
| |
| |
| |
| Preface | |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| Effectiveness Management: Engaging Systems of Power and Networks of Communication | |
| |
| |
| |
| Power Resource Management: Pushing Buttons and Building Cases | |
| |
| |
| |
| Historical and Theoretical Perspectives on Power | |
| |
| |
| Origins of Power Resource Management Theory | |
| |
| |
| Power and Its Resources | |
| |
| |
| Issues: Contestable Matters of Fact, Value, and Policy | |
| |
| |
| Stakes, Stakeholders, and Stakeseekers | |
| |
| |
| Applications | |
| |
| |
| Conclusion | |
| |
| |
| Case: CPSC Versus Daisy | |
| |
| |
| Questions for Application | |
| |
| |
| |
| A Weickian Approach to Public Relations and Crisis Management | |
| |
| |
| |
| Weick's Model of Organizing | |
| |
| |
| Information Environment and Equivocal Information Inputs | |
| |
| |
| Communication Rules and Cycles | |
| |
| |
| Enactment, Selection, and Retention | |
| |
| |
| Summary and Recommendations | |
| |
| |
| Case: Crisis Communication and Anthrax | |
| |
| |
| Questions for Application | |
| |
| |
| |
| Strategic Issues Management: Theoretical Underpinnings for Strategic Planning and Operations in the Public Policy Arena | |
| |
| |
| |
| Uniqueness: Old Hat or a New Ballgame? | |
| |
| |
| Underpinnings of Issues Management | |
| |
| |
| Four Legs of the Issues Management Stool | |
| |
| |
| Applications | |
| |
| |
| Strategic Business Planning Through Integration | |
| |
| |
| Issue Monitoring | |
| |
| |
| Corporate Responsibility | |
| |
| |
| Issue Communication | |
| |
| |
| Conclusion | |
| |
| |
| Case: the WTO and G8 | |
| |
| |
| Questions for Application | |
| |
| |
| |
| Organizational-Public Relationships in Cyberspace | |
| |
| |
| |
| Online Communication's Potential | |
| |
| |
| Examining Relationships | |
| |
| |
| Measures of Relationship Quality | |
| |
| |
| Applying the Measures to Online Communication | |
| |
| |
| Commitment | |
| |
| |
| Control Mutuality | |
| |
| |
| Communality | |
| |
| |
| Trust | |
| |
| |
| Satisfaction | |
| |
| |
| Additional Measures of Relationships | |
| |
| |
| Cognitive Learning | |
| |
| |
| Affective Responses | |
| |
| |
| Resulting Behaviors | |
| |
| |
| Conclusion | |
| |
| |
| Case: Intel's 1994 Pentium Chip Crisis | |
| |
| |
| Questions for Application | |
| |
| |
| |
| Fundamental Perspectives: Creating Action and Meaning Through Messaging | |
| |
| |
| |
| Working with Innovators and Laggards: The Diffusion of Innovation Theory and Public Relations | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Theory of the Diffusion of Innovations | |
| |
| |
| Innovation | |
| |
| |
| Channel | |
| |
| |
| Time | |
| |
| |
| Social System | |
| |
| |
| Diffusing Information to External Publics | |
| |
| |
| Diffusing Information to Internal Publics | |
| |
| |
| Engaging Employees in Public Relations | |
| |
| |
| Success Stories | |
| |
| |
| Effective Employee Communication | |
| |
| |
| Conclusion | |
| |
| |
| Case: Nationwide | |
| |
| |
| Questions for Application | |
| |
| |
| |
| Speech Act Theory: An Approach to Public Relations Leadership | |
| |
| |
| |
| Language as the Core Carrier of Public Relations Functions | |
| |
| |
| Answering the Dilemma | |
| |
| |
| Public Relations as a Diverse Communication Function | |
| |
| |
| The Dialectic and Rhetorical Relationship: A Historical Partnership | |
| |
| |
| Speech Act Theory: The Means of Expression in Public Relations Practice | |
| |
| |
| Speech Act Theory as the Source of Leadership Potential for Public Relations | |
| |
| |
| Speech Act Theory Offers an Ethical Basis for the Dialogic Process | |
| |
| |
| Case: Ameriflora '92 | |
| |
| |
| Questions for Application | |
| |
| |
| |
| Social Constructionism and Public Relations | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Basic Tenets of Social Constructionism | |
| |
| |
| Historical Perspective | |
| |
| |
| Intellectual Traditions in Public Relations | |
| |
| |
| Modern Views of Public Relations | |
| |
| |
| Social Constructionism and Language | |
| |
| |
| Social Construction: A Basis for Practice and Study | |
| |
| |
| Conclusion | |
| |
| |
| Case: OTPOR (1998 Serbian Resistance) | |
| |
| |
| Questions for Application | |
| |
| |
| |
| Social Drama for Public Relations Practice | |
| |
| |
| |
| Sociodrama | |
| |
| |
| Sources for Duncan | |
| |
| |
| Concepts | |
| |
| |
| Elements of the Drama | |
| |
| |
| Hierarchy | |
| |
| |
| Three Levels of Sociodrama | |
| |
| |
| Conclusion | |
| |
| |
| Case: Concord Hospital | |
| |
| |
| Questions for Application | |
| |
| |
| |
| Contingency Theory: Strategic Management of Conflict in Public Relations | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Stance we Take is Influenced by the Situation we are in | |
| |
| |
| The Circumstance - "It Depends" | |
| |
| |
| Pillars of Contingency Theory-Dynamism and Realism | |
| |
| |
| Dynamism in Conflict Management | |
| |
| |
| Realism in Litigation Public Relations | |
| |
| |
| Inspiration of Contingency Theory - Expansion and Extension | |
| |
| |
| Expansion: Emotions and Threat Appraisal | |
| |
| |
| Extension: Conflict Positioning in Crisis Communication | |
| |
| |
| Conflict Positioning: Integrating Contingency Stance with Image Repair Strategies | |
| |
| |
| New Frontiers for Contingency Theory | |
| |
| |
| Measurement of Contingent Factors | |
| |
| |
| Further Elaboration on Stances | |
| |
| |
| Conclusion | |
| |
| |
| Case: The Sars Crises | |
| |
| |
| Questions for Application | |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| Normative Approaches: Leveraging Constraints and Opportunities | |
| |
| |
| |
| Foundations in Moral Philosophy for Public Relations Ethics | |
| |
| |
| |
| Is Public Relations Unethical? | |
| |
| |
| Public Relations as Ethical Conscience of the Organization | |
| |
| |
| Systems Theory Support for Acting as Ethical Conscience | |
| |
| |
| |
| Crisis Communication-Giving Voice in the Process | |
| |
| |
| |
| Crisis Communication and Image Repair Discourse | |
| |
| |
| |
| Image Repair Theory | |
| |
| |
| Typology of Image Repair Strategies | |
| |
| |
| Suggestions for Image Repair Messages | |
| |
| |
| Preparation for Crisis | |
| |
| |
| Identifying the Nature of the Crisis | |
| |
| |
| Coping with Crisis | |
| |
| |
| Case: Vioxx | |
| |
| |
| Questions for Application | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Development of the Situational Crisis Communication Theory | |
| |
| |
| |
| Clarifying Theory | |
| |
| |
| Clarifying the Scope | |
| |
| |
| SCCT'S Current Articulation | |
| |
| |
| The Crisis Situation | |
| |
| |
| Crisis Response Strategies | |
| |
| |
| Matching Crisis Situations to Crisis Response Strategies and Limitations | |
| |
| |
| Historical Development of SCCT | |
| |
| |
| Terminological Changes | |
| |
| |
| Research-Driven Changes | |
| |
| |
| Theory Testing | |
| |
| |
| Conclusion | |
| |
| |
| Case: The Plant Explosion | |
| |
| |
| Questions for Application | |
| |
| |
| |
| Contextual Parameters-Understanding and Creating the Big Picture | |
| |
| |
| |
| International Public Relations: Toward an Integrated Theoretical Case | |
| |
| |
| |
| Limits of Symmetricalism and Excellence in the Century of Public Relations | |
| |
| |
| The Case Study | |
| |
| |
| Corporate Public Relations | |
| |
| |
| Applying Western Theories Around the Globe | |
| |
| |
| Underlying Assumptions and a New Integrated Framework | |
| |
| |
| The Need for a Macrolevel, Cultural Approach | |
| |
| |
| The Circuit of Culture as an Integrating Framework | |
| |
| |
| The Circuit as a Basis for Theoretical Development | |
| |
| |
| Case: Ivory Coast | |
| |
| |
| Questions for Application | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Place of Theory in Public Relations Practice | |
| |
| |
| |
| Public Relations' Transition to Theory-Based Science: an Endeavor | |
| |
| |
| The Importance of Theory Development | |
| |
| |
| Practitioners' Views of Public Relations Theories | |
| |
| |
| Case: Award-Winning Practitioners | |
| |
| |
| Questions for Application | |
| |
| |
| |
| Working the System: The Evolution of Feminist Perspectives in Public Relations Scholarship | |
| |
| |
| |
| Challenges in Feminist Scholarship | |
| |
| |
| No Monolithic Feminism | |
| |
| |
| The Connotative Challenge of Feminism | |
| |
| |
| Credibility Bias | |
| |
| |
| The Legacy of Feminist Scholarship in Public Relations | |
| |
| |
| Future Directions: Multidisciplinary Feminist Public Relations | |
| |
| |
| Conclusion | |
| |
| |
| Case: Working the System | |
| |
| |
| Questions for Application | |
| |
| |
| |
| From Aardvark to Zebra Redux: An Analysis of Theory Development in Public Relations Academic Journals into the Twenty-First Century | |
| |
| |
| |
| What is Theory? | |
| |
| |
| Assumptions of the Present Research About Theory | |
| |
| |
| Ferguson's Research Further Reviewed | |
| |
| |
| A Relational Theory of Public Relations | |
| |
| |
| Introspective Investigations of Public Relations Academy Reviewed | |
| |
| |
| Public Relations Academic Journals | |
| |
| |
| Research Questions Revisited | |
| |
| |
| Method | |
| |
| |
| Results | |
| |
| |
| Discussion | |
| |
| |
| Future Research | |
| |
| |
| Conclusion | |
| |
| |
| Questions for Application | |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| About the Contributors | |
| |
| |
| Index | |