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Preface | |
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Theoretical Criminology: An Introductory Overview | |
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The Origins and Evolution of Criminology | |
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The Nature of Theory | |
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Assessing Theory | |
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The Influence of General Social Perspectives on Theories of Crime | |
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The Role of Theory | |
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Summary | |
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Key Terms | |
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Discussion Questions | |
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References | |
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Classical Theory in Criminology | |
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Assumptions About Human Nature | |
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How Deterrence Works | |
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Summary | |
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Key Terms | |
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Discussion Questions | |
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References | |
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Biological Theories of Crime | |
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The Positivist School of Thought | |
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Physiognomy and Phrenology | |
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Lombroso and Atavism | |
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Genetic Theories | |
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Body Type Theories | |
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Recent Biological Theories | |
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Conclusion | |
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Summary | |
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Key Terms | |
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Discussion Questions | |
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References | |
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Psychological Theories of Crime | |
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Psychoanalytic Theory | |
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Personality Theories | |
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Mental Illness | |
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Schizophrenia | |
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Antisocial Personality | |
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Mental Deficiencies | |
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Conclusion | |
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Summary | |
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Key Terms | |
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Discussion Questions | |
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References | |
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The Social Ecology of Crime | |
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Social Disorganization Theory | |
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The Location of Crime | |
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Social Disorganization and Its Causes | |
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Empirical Support and Policy Implications | |
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Criticisms of Social Disorganization Theory | |
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Routine Activities Theory | |
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The Necessary Requirements for Crime | |
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The Role of Social Changes | |
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Policy Implications | |
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Empirical Research and Criticisms | |
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Summary | |
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Key Terms | |
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Discussion Questions | |
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References | |
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Learning and Cultural Transmission Theories of Crime | |
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Learning Theories | |
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Sutherland's Differential Association Theory | |
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Akers's Social Learning Theory | |
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Cultural Transmission Theories | |
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The Rise of the Subcultural Perspective | |
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Cultural Norms and Legal Process | |
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Cohen's Middle-Class Measuring Rod | |
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Cloward and Ohlin's Gang Typology | |
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Miller's Focal Concerns | |
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The Demise of the Subcultural Perspective | |
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Subcultures of Violence and the Rerise of the Cultural Perspective | |
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Summary | |
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Key Terms | |
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Discussion Questions | |
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References | |
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Strain Theories of Crime | |
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What do Strain Theories Assume? | |
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Merton's Strain Theory and Its Variants | |
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The American Dream | |
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The American Social Structure | |
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Responses to Strain | |
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Later Work on Merton's Theory | |
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Empirical Support | |
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Agnew's General Strain Theory | |
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Types of Strain | |
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Types of Coping | |
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When Does Strain Lead to Delinquent Coping? | |
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Empirical Support | |
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Messner and Rosenfeld's Theory of Institutional Anomie | |
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Summary | |
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Key Terms | |
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Discussion Questions | |
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References | |
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Control Theories of Crime | |
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What Do Control Theories Assume About Human Nature? | |
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Early Control Theories | |
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Hirschi's Social Control Theory | |
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Attachment | |
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Commitment | |
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Involvement | |
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Belief | |
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Empirical Testing | |
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Self-Control Theory | |
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Empirical Research and Criticisms of Self-Control Theory | |
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Policy Implications of Control Theory | |
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Summary | |
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Key Terms | |
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Discussion Questions | |
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References | |
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Theories of Social Conflict | |
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The Conflict Perspective and Crime | |
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The Marxist Heritage | |
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Marxist Concepts | |
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Orthodox Marxism | |
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Structural Marxism | |
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Labeling Theory | |
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Marxist Criminology | |
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White-Collar and State Crime | |
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Left Realism | |
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Cultural Criminology | |
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The Social Construction of Crime, Postmodernism, and Constitutive Criminology | |
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Feminist Criminology | |
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Peacemaking Criminology and Restorative Justice | |
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Summary | |
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Key Terms | |
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Discussion Questions | |
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References | |
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Evaluating and Integrating Theory | |
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Evaluating Theory | |
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Theory Competition | |
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Theoretical Elaboration | |
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Theoretical Integration | |
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Summary | |
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Key Terms | |
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Discussion Questions | |
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References | |
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Index | |