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| Each Chapter begins with an ldquo;Introductionrdquo; and ends with a ldquo;Summary,rdquo; | |
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| Discussion Questions | |
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| Exercise(s) | |
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| Relevant Web Sites | |
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| Recommended Additional Readings | |
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| Key Terms | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Introduction to Educational Research | |
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| Why Study Educational Research? | |
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| Areas of Educational Research | |
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| Examples of Educational Research | |
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| General Kinds of Research | |
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| Sources of Knowledge | |
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| The Scientific Approach to Knowledge Generation | |
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| Objectives of Science | |
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| Overview of Book | |
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| How to Get Started | |
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| Quantitative, Qualitative, and Mixed Research | |
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| Characteristics of the Three Research Paradigms | |
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| Quantitative Research Methods: Experimental and Nonexperimental Research | |
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| Qualitative Research Methods | |
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| Mixed Research Methods | |
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| Our Research Typology | |
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| Planning the Research Study | |
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| Developing Research Questions and Proposal Prepositions | |
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| Sources of Research Ideas | |
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| Review of the Literature | |
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| Literature Search and the Internet | |
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| Feasibility of the Study | |
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| Statement of the Research Problem | |
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| Statement of Purpose of the Study | |
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| Statement of Research Questions | |
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| Formulating Hypotheses | |
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| The Research Plan or Research Proposal | |
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| Consumer Use of the Literature | |
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| Research Ethics | |
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| What Are Research Ethics? | |
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| Ethical Concerns | |
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| Ethical Guidelines for Research with Humans | |
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| Informed Consent | |
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| Informed Consent and Minors as Research Participants | |
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| Additional Consent | |
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| Deception | |
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| Freedom to Withdraw | |
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| Protection from Mental and Physical Harm | |
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| Institutional Review Board | |
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| Foundations Of Research | |
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| Standardized Measurement and Assessment | |
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| Defining Measurement | |
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| Scales of Measurement | |
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| Assumptions Underlying Testing and Measurement | |
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| Identifying a Good Test or Assessment Procedure | |
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| Educational and Psychological Tests | |
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| Sources of Information About Tests | |
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| Methods of Data Collection | |
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| Questionnaires | |
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| Interviews | |
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| Focus Groups | |
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| Observation | |
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| Secondary Data | |
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| Sampling | |
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| Terminology Used in Sampling | |
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| Random Sampling Techniques | |
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| Nonrandom Sampling Techniques | |
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| Random Selection and Random Assignment | |
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| Determining the Sample Size When Random Sampling Is Used | |
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| Sampling in Qualitative Research | |
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| Validity of Research | |
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| Validity Issues in the Design of Quantitative Research | |
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| Statistical Conclusion Validity | |
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| Internal Validity | |
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| External Validity | |
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| Construct Representation | |
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| Research Validity in Qualitative Research | |
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| Selecting A Research Method | |
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| Experimental Research | |
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| The Experiment | |
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| Independent Variable Manipulation | |
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| Control of Confounding Variables | |
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| Experimental Research Designs | |
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| Quasi-Experimental and Single-Case Designs | |
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| Qasi-Experimental Research Designs | |
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| Single-Case Experimental Designs | |
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| Methodological Considerations in Using Single-Case Designs | |
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| Group Comparison or Single-Case Designs | |
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| Nonexperimental Quantitative Research | |
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| Steps in Nonexperimental Research | |
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| Independent Variables in Nonexperimental Research | |
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| Causal-Comparative and Correlational Research | |
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| Three Necessary Conditions for Cause-and-Effect Relationships | |
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| Applying the Three Necessary Conditions for Causation in Nonexperimental Research | |
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| Techniques of Control in Nonexperimental Research | |
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| Time Dimension in Research | |
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| Classifying Nonexperimental Research Methods by Research Objective | |
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| Qualitative Research | |
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| Phenomenology | |
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| Ethnography | |
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| Case Study Research | |
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| Grounded | |