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| Preface | |
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| Theoretical Perspectives in Criminology | |
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| The Importance of Theory in Criminology | |
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| Bad Theory, Good Theory, Better Theory: How Do We Judge? | |
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| Paradigms | |
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| Classical Criminology | |
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| The Positivist School | |
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| The Marxist Paradigm | |
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| Summary and Conclusion | |
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| Key Terms | |
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| Suggested Readings | |
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| Notes | |
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| The Born Criminal: Biological and Physiological Theories of Crime | |
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| Physical Type Theories | |
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| Phrenology: Grandparent of the Physical Type Perspective | |
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| Atavism | |
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| Earnest A. Hooton: Lombroso Revisited | |
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| Body Build and Crime | |
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| It Runs in the Family: Crime and Heredity | |
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| General Pedigree or Family Studies | |
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| Twin Studies | |
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| Adoption Studies | |
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| Family Chromosomes | |
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| XYY Syndrome | |
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| Other Potential Biological Contributors to Crime Causation | |
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| Hormonal Imbalance and Crime: "My Hormones Made Me Do It" | |
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| Crime and the Brain | |
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| Diet and Crime: You Are What You Eat? | |
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| Summary and Conclusion | |
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| Key Terms | |
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| Suggested Readings | |
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| Notes | |
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| The Criminal Mind: Psychological and Psychiatric Theories of Crime | |
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| Too Dumb to Know Better: The IQ/Crime Controversy | |
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| Early Intelligence Tests and Crime | |
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| The Criminal Personality | |
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| Psychoanalytic Views of Crime | |
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| Other Approaches to Crime and Personality | |
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| Crime and Mental Illness | |
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| Studying Mental Illness and Criminality | |
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| Mental Illnesses Commonly Associated with Crime | |
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| A Note about the Role of Drugs and Alcohol | |
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| The Role of Psychiatry in the Criminal Justice System | |
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| Summary and Conclusion | |
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| Key Terms | |
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| Suggested Readings | |
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| Notes | |
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| Sociological Theories of Crime I: Crime and Social Organization | |
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| The Chicago School | |
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| Crime and Social Disorganization | |
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| The Chicago School's Descendants | |
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| Anomie Theory | |
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| Durkheim's Theory of Anomie | |
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| Merton's Theory of Anomie | |
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| Subcultural Theories | |
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| Cohen's Theory of Delinquent Subculture | |
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| Other Subcultural Theories | |
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| Strengths and Weaknesses of Subcultural Theories | |
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| Crime and Opportunity | |
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| Differential Opportunity and Delinquent Subcultures | |
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| Women, Crime, and Opportunity | |
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| Changing the Opportunity Structure: Public Policy Initiatives | |
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| Agnew's General Strain Theory | |
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| Summary and Conclusion | |
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| Key Terms | |
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| Suggested Readings | |
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| Notes | |
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| Sociological Theories of Crime II: Crime and Social Processes | |
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| Sutherland's Differential Association Theory | |
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| Sutherland's Nine Propositions | |
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| Strengths and Weaknesses of Differential Association Theory | |
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| Sutherland's Legacy | |
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| Akers's Social Learning Theory | |
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| Differential Identification and Differential Anticipation | |
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| Control Theory | |
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| Hirschi's Control Theory | |
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| Tittle's Control Balance Theory | |
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| Self-Control and Crime | |
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| A General Theory of Crime or a Limited One? | |
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| Neutralization Theory | |
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| Evaluating Neutralization Theory | |
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| Self-Esteem and Crime | |
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| Crime and Stigma: The Labeling Perspective | |
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| The Relativity of Crime | |
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| Social Reaction and Commitment to a Deviant Career | |
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| The Empirical Validity of Labeling Theory | |
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| What Is to Be Done? | |
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| Summary and Conclusion | |
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| Key Terms | |
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| Suggested Readings | |
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| Notes | |
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| Crime and Power: Radical Criminologies | |
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| Origins and Antecedents | |
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| The Criminology of Willem Bonger | |
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| Early Radical Criminology | |
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| Crime and Privilege | |
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| Crime and Oppression | |
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| The Strengths and Weaknesses of Instrumental Marxism | |
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| Is the Criminal Justice System Biased against the Poor? | |
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| Structural Criminology | |
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| Crime and Power Relations | |
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| Other Recent Developments in Radical Criminology | |
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| Left Realism | |
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| Peacemaking Criminology | |
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| Postmodern Criminology | |
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| Summary and Conclusion | |
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| Key Terms | |
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| Suggested Readings | |
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| Notes | |
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| Gender, Crime, and Justice: Feminist Criminologies | |
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| What Is Feminism? | |
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| Liberal Feminism and Criminology | |
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| The Gender Gap in Crime | |
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| Power-Control Theory | |
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| Radical Feminist Criminology | |
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| Socialist Feminist Criminology | |
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| Feminism and the Future of Criminology | |
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| Summary and Conclusion | |
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| Key Terms | |
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| Suggested Readings | |
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| Notes | |
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| Methods of Criminological Research | |
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| The Research Process | |
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| Formulating the Research Problem | |
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| Research Design | |
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| Sampling | |
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| Conceptualization, Operationalization, and Measurement | |
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| Gathering Data | |
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| Survey Research | |
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| Field Observation | |
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| Unobtrusive Measures | |
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| Summary and Conclusion | |
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| Key Terms | |
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| Suggested Readings | |
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| Notes | |
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| References | |
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| Index | |