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| Most chapters include “Objectives,” “Overview,” and “Summary.” | |
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| Understanding Research | |
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| Thinking Critically About Research | |
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| What Is Science and the Scientific Method? | |
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| What Are the Purposes of Science? | |
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| What Is a Scientific Theory? | |
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| What Are the Types of Scientific Logic? | |
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| In What Ways Do We Gain Information? | |
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| What Are Constraint Levels in Educational and Psychological Research? | |
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| What Are the Differences between Basic and Applied Research? | |
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| What Is Replication Research? | |
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| Critical Issues In Research | |
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| Fundamental Issues for Interpreting Research | |
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| What Is Variability? | |
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| What Is Internal Validity? | |
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| What Is External Validity? | |
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| What Are Statistical and Social Validities? | |
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| Reliability, Validity, and Interobserver Agreement | |
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| What Are Reliability and Validity Issues in Quantitative Research? | |
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| How Do Researchers Assess the Reliability of Measurement Devices? | |
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| How Do Researchers Determine the Validity of Measurement Devices? | |
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| What Are Reliability and Validity Issues in Qualitative Research? | |
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| What Is Interobserver Agreement? | |
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| What Are the Methods of Establishing Interobserver Agreement? | |
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| What Are the Factors That Influence Interobserver Agreement? | |
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| What Are the Factors to Consider When Assessing Measurement Devices in the Context of a Study? | |
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| Quantitative Research Methods | |
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| Basic Statistical Concepts and Sampling Procedures | |
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| What Are the Scales of Measurement? | |
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| What Is a Univariate Frequency Distribution? | |
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| How Can We Describe Data Sets? | |
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| What Role Do Hypotheses Play in Research? | |
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| What Are Parametric and Nonparametric Tests of Statistical Significance? | |
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| What Is Statistical Significance? | |
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| What Are Type I and Type II Errors and Power? | |
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| What Are the Types of Statistical Significance Testing Methods? | |
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| What Are the Different Sampling Methods? | |
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| What Are the Sampling Decisions Researchers Make? | |
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| What Is Sampling Error? | |
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| Experimental Designs | |
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| What Are True Experimental Designs? | |
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| What Are the Most Common True Experimental Designs? | |
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| What Are Factorial Experimental Designs? | |
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| What Are Quasi-Experimental Designs? | |
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| What Are the Common Quasi-Experimental Designs? | |
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| What Are Preexperimental Designs? | |
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| What Are the Types of Preexperimental Designs? | |
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| When Should Researchers Use Each Experimental Research Design? | |
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| Sample Article | |
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| Causal-Comparative Research | |
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| What Is the Causal-Comparative Research Method? | |
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| What Should Researchers Consider When Designing a Causal-Comparative Study? | |
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| When Should Researchers Use the Causal-Comparative Research Design? | |
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| Sample Article | |
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| Correlational Research | |
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| What Is the Correlational Research Method? | |
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| What Are the Issues in Designing a Correlational Study? | |
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| When Should Researchers Use the Correlational Research Method? | |
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| Sample Article | |
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| Qualitative Research Methods | |
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| Qualitative Research: Methods | |
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| What Are the Characteristics of Qualitative Research? | |
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| What Are the Differences between Qualitative and Quantitative Research? | |
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| What Are Qualitative Research Procedures? | |
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| What Is Understanding in Qualitative Research? | |
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| What Are the Evaluative Criteria for Judging the Reliability and Validity of Qualitative Research? | |
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| What Are the Types of Triangulation Methods? | |
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| Qualitative Research: Data Collection and Designs | |
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| What Are Field Oriented Studies? | |
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| When Should Researchers Use Each Qualitative Research Design? | |
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| Sample Article | |
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| Single-Case Research Methods | |
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| Withdrawal and Associated Designs | |
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| What Are Graphing Methods in Withdrawal Designs? | |
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| What Are Withdrawal and Associated Designs? | |
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| When Should Researchers Use Each Withdrawal and Associated Design? | |
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| Sam | |