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Preface | |
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Strategies for Reading and Writing Arguments | |
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Understanding Persuasion: Thinking Like a Negotiator | |
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Argument | |
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What Makes an Argument | |
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The Uses of Argument | |
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Debate | |
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Moving from Debate to Dialogue | |
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Dialogue | |
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Deliberation | |
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Deborah Tannen, "Taking a ‘War of Words' Too Literally" | |
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Sample Arguments for Analysis | |
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Michael Lewis, "The Case Against Tipping" | |
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Paula Broadwell, "Women Soldiers Crucial to US Mission" | |
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Reading Arguments: Thinking Like a Critic | |
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Why Read Critically? | |
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Preview the Reading | |
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Skim the Reading | |
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Sample Arguments for Analysis | |
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Henry Wechsler, "Binge Drinking Must Be Stopped" | |
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Consider Your Own Experience | |
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Annotate the Reading | |
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Summarize the Reading | |
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Analyze and Evaluate the Reading | |
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Argue with the Reading | |
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Create a Debate and Dialogue Between Two or More Readings | |
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Sample Arguments for Analysis | |
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Fromma Harrop, "Stop Babysitting College Students" (student essay) | |
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Construct a Debate | |
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Sample Arguments for Analysis | |
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Kathryn Stewart and Corina Sole, "Letter to the Editor" from the Washington Post | |
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James C. Carter, S. J., "Letter to the Editor" from the Times-Picayune | |
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Deliberate About the Readings | |
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Look for Logical Fallacies | |
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Finding Arguments: Thinking Like a Writer | |
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The Writing Process | |
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Finding Topics to Argue | |
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Developing Argumentative Topics | |
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Finding Ideas Worth Writing About | |
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Refining Topics | |
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Sample Arguments for Analysis | |
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Stephanie Bower, "What's the Rush? Speed Yields Mediocrity in Local Television News" (student essay) | |
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Addressing Audiences: Thinking Like a Reader | |
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The Target Audience | |
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The General Audience | |
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Guidelines for Knowing Your Audience | |
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Adapting to Your Readers' Attitudes | |
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Sample Arguments for Analysis | |
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Derrick Jackson, "Let's Ban All Flavors of Cigarettes" | |
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Gio Batta Gori, "The Bogus 'Science' of Secondhand Smoke" | |
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Danise Cavallaro, "Smoking: Offended by the Numbers" (student essay) | |
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Choosing Your Words | |
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Shaping Arguments: Thinking Like an Architect | |
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Components of an Argument | |
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Sample Arguments for Analysis | |
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Clara Spotted Elk, "Indian Bones" | |
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Analyzing the Structure | |
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Sample Arguments for Analysis | |
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Ron Karpati, "I Am the Enemy" | |
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Analyzing the Structure | |
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Two Basic Types for Arguments | |
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Position Arguments | |
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Sample Position Arguments for Analysis | |
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Sean Flynn, "Is Anything Private Anymore?" | |
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Analysis of a Sample Position Argument | |
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Proposal Arguments | |
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Sample Proposal Arguments for Analysis | |
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Amanda Collins, "Bring East Bridgewater Elementary into the World" (student essay) | |
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Analyzing the Structure | |
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Narrative Arguments | |
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Sample Narrative Arguments | |
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Jerry Fensterman, "I See Why Others Choose to Die" | |
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Analyzing the Structure | |
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Analyzing the Narrative Features | |
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Using Evidence: Thinking Like an Advocate | |
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How Much Evidence is Enough? | |
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Why Arguments Need Supporting Evidence | |
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Forms of Evidence Kari Peterson | |
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"The Statistic Speaks: A Real Person's Argument for Universal Healthcare" (student essay) | |
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Different Interpretations of Evidence | |
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S. Fred Singer, "The Great Global Warming Swindle" | |
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Some Tips About Supporting Evidence | |
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Sample Arguments for Analysis | |
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Arthur Allen, "Prayer in Prison: Religion as Rehabilitation" | |
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Establishing Claims: Thinking Like a Skeptic | |
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The Toulmin Model | |
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Toulmin's Terms | |
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Finding Warrants | |
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Sample Arguments for Analysis | |
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Steven Pinker, "Why They Kill Their Newborns" | |
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An Analysis Based on the Toulmin Model | |
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Michael Kelly, "Arguing for Infanticide" | |
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Sample Student Argument for Analysis | |
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Lowell Putnam, "Did I Miss Something?" (student essay) | |
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Using Visual Arguments: Thinking Like an Illustrator | |
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Common Forms of Visual Arguments | |
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Analyzing Visual Arguments | |
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Art | |
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Pablo Picasso's Guernica | |
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Norman Rockwell's Freedom of Speech | |
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Advertisements | |
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Sample Ads for Analysis | |
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Toyota Prius Ad | |
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Fresh Step Cat Litter | |
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Victoria's Dirty Secret | |
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Editorial or Political Cartoons | |
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Mike Luckovich's "Let's Be Responsible" Cartoon | |
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Pat Bagley's "Back in Aught-Five ..." Cartoon | |
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Daryl Cagle's "I Hate Them" Cartoon | |
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News Photographs | |
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Ancillary Graphics: Tables, Charts, and Graphs | |
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Sample Student Argument for Analysis | |
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Lee Innes, "A Double Standard of Olympic Proportions" (student essay) | |
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Researching Arguments: Thinking Like an Investigator | |
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Sources of Information | |
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A Search Strategy | |
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Sample Entries for an Annotated Bibliography | |
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Locating Sources | |
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Evaluating Sources | |
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Taking Notes | |
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Drafting Your Paper | |
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Revising and Editing Your Paper | |
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Preparing and Proofreading Your Final Manuscript | |
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Plagiarism | |
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Documentation Guide: MLA and APA Styles | |
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Where Does the Documentation Go? | |
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Documentation Style | |
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A Brief Guide to MLA and APA Styles | |
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Sample Research Papers | |
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Shannon O'Neill, "Literature Hacked and Torn Apart: Censorship in Public Schools" (MLA) (student essay) | |
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Dan Hoskins, "Tapped Out: Bottled Water's Detrimental Side" (APA) (student essay) | |