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| Foreword | |
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| Acknowledgments | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Prologue | |
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| Studying Sex and Friendship in Baboons | |
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| Baboons | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Baboon Social Behavior: A Brief Summary | |
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| Gilgil Baboons and Their Habitat | |
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| The Study of Eburru Cliffs Troop | |
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| Field Work and Data Analysis | |
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| Habituation | |
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| Recognizing Individuals | |
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| Data Collection | |
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| Types of Evidence | |
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| Presentation of Results | |
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| Defining Friendship | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Behaviors Used to Define Friendship: Proximity and Grooming | |
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| Grooming | |
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| Spatial Proximity between Adult Females and Males | |
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| Comparison of Grooming and Proximity | |
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| Criteria for Friendship | |
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| Characteristics of Friends | |
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| Summary and Discussion | |
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| Notes on Statistics | |
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| What Made Friends Special | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Groomer/Groomee Roles | |
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| Female and Male Roles in Maintaining Proximity | |
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| Interactions Following a Close Approach: Friends Compared with Non-Friends | |
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| Summary and Discussion | |
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| Notes on Statistics | |
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| Benefits of Friendship to the Female | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Male Protection of the Female and Her Offspring From Aggression by Other Baboons | |
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| Friendship and Male Aggression Toward Females | |
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| Aggression Toward Infants | |
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| Male-Infant Relationships | |
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| Summary | |
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| Notes on Statistics | |
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| Male-Male Competition for Mates | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Male Consort Activity, Agonistic Rank, and Age/Residence Status | |
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| Male Competitive Tactics: Different Ways of Acquiring Consort Partners | |
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| Psychological Components of Male Competitive Tactics | |
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| Summary | |
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| Notes on Statistics | |
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| Benefits of Friendship to the Male | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Friendships and Previous Consort Activity | |
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| Friendships and Subsequent Consort Activity | |
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| Female Choice | |
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| Adult Male-Infant Interactions: The Role of Paternity Versus Friendship with the Mother | |
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| Male Contact with Infants during Interactions with Other Males | |
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| Summary and Conclusions | |
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| Notes on Statistics | |
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| Making, Keeping, and Losing Friends | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Baboon Adolescence: Making Sexual Friendships for the First Time | |
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| Male Immigrants: Making Friends with Strangers | |
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| The Impact of Sex: Making and Losing Friends | |
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| How Long Do Friendships Last? | |
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| Emotions Underlying Sex and Friendship | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Notes on Statistics | |
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| Comparative Perspectives | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Long-Term, Male-Female Relationships in Macaques | |
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| Male-Female Relationships in Other Nonhuman Primates | |
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| The Evolution of Human Male-Female Relationships | |
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| Appendixes I-XIV | |
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| Method of Estimating Female Ages | |
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| Adult Female Dominance Hierarchy from September 1977 through December 1978 | |
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| Behaviors Recorded Continuously during Focal Samples of Adult Females | |
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| Number of Focal Samples (FS) and Amount of Focal Sampling Time in Minutes (M) on Females at Different Reproductive Stages | |
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| Activity Categories Used in Female Focal Samples | |
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| Determination of Proximity Score Weighting Factors | |
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| Method of Calculating Composite Proximity Scores (C Score) | |
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| Identification of Putative Juvenile Offspring | |
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| Characteristics of Friends of Males of Different Age/Residence Categories | |
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| Restrictions Applied to Scoring of Approaches and Leaves | |
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| Percentage of Time Anestrous Females Spent in Close Proximity (within 1 m) to Friends and Non-Friends | |
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| Frequency with Which a Close Approach by the Male was Followed within 5 Seconds by a Leave by the Male ("Immediate Leave") for Friends and Non-Friends | |
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| Frequency with Which a Close Approach by the Female was Followed within 5 Seconds by a Leave by the Female ("Immediate Leave") for Friends and Non-Friends | |
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| Males Frequently Observed Near Infants (within 5 m) | |
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| Bibliography | |
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| Subject Index | |