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| List of Figures | |
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| List of Tables | |
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| List of List of Algorithms | |
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| List of List of Program Listings | |
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| Preface | |
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| Introduction | |
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| What are images? | |
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| What is image processing? | |
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| Example: contrast enhancement | |
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| Example: removal of motion blur | |
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| Example: image warping | |
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| Exercises | |
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| Imaging | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Passive and active imaging | |
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| Energy sources | |
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| The electronic camera | |
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| Camera optics | |
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| CCD sensors | |
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| The human eye | |
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| Structure | |
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| Properties of the human visual system | |
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| Three-dimensional imaging | |
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| Stereoscopy | |
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| Computed tomography | |
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| Further reading | |
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| Exercises | |
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| Digital images | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Sampling | |
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| Spatial resolution | |
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| Sampling pattern | |
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| Quantisation | |
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| Colour | |
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| The RGB model | |
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| Other colour models | |
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| Image representation | |
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| 8-bit greyscale images | |
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| Other data types | |
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| Representation of colour | |
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| Volumetric data | |
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| Object-oriented programming with images and volumes | |
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| Further reading | |
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| Exercises | |
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| Images in Java | |
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| Images in Java 1.0/1.1 | |
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| Loading images | |
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| Producers and consumers | |
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| Acquiring and processing pixel data | |
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| The Java2D API | |
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| The BufferedImage class | |
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| Raster and WritableRaster | |
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| The DataBuffer classes | |
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| RasterOp, BufferedImageOp and BufferedImageFilter | |
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| Reading a BufferedImage | |
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| Java Advanced Imaging | |
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| Further reading | |
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| Exercises | |
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| Basic image manipulation | |
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| Storage | |
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| Storage media | |
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| File formats | |
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| The PBM, PGM and PPM formats | |
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| The portable network graphics (PNG) format | |
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| Reading and writing images in Java | |
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| PBM, PGM and PPM images | |
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| Creating your own format: an example | |
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| PNG images | |
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| Putting it all together | |
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| Display | |
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| Hardware | |
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| Software: displaying images in Java | |
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| Printing | |
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| Greyscale images | |
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| Colour images | |
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| Manipulation of pixel data | |
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| Extracting regions of interest | |
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| Basic geometric manipulation | |
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| Arithmetic and logical combination of images | |
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| Further reading | |
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| Exercises | |
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| Grey level and colour enhancement | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Grey level mapping | |
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| Linear mapping | |
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| Non-linear mapping | |
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| Efficient implementation of mapping | |
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| Image histograms | |
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| Computing histograms in Java | |
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| Histogram equalisation | |
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| Histogram equalisation in Java | |
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| Colour processing | |
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| Histograms of colour images | |
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| Further reading | |
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| Exercises | |
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| Neighbourhood operations | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Convolution and correlation | |
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| Calculating a convolution | |
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| Computational problems | |
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| Performance issues | |
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| Correlation | |
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| Convolution in Java | |
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| Linear filtering | |
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| Low pass filtering | |
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| High pass filtering | |
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| High frequency emphasis | |
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| Implementations in Java | |
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| Edge detection | |
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| A simple edge detector | |
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| The Laplacian | |
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| The Canny edge detector | |
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| Implementations in Java | |
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| Rank filtering | |
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| Median filter | |
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| Minimum and maximum filters | |
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| Range filter | |
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| Implementation of rank filters in Java | |
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| Hybrid filters | |
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| Adaptive filters | |
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| Further reading | |
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| Exercises | |
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| The frequency domain | |
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| Spatial frequency | |
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| Fourier theory | |
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| Basic concepts | |
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| Extension to two dimensions | |
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| The discrete Fourier transform | |
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| The spectra of an image | |
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| The fast Fourier transform | |
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| Properties of the Fourier transform | |
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| Java implementation | |
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| Investigating spectra | |
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| Display | |
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| Interpretation | |
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| Filtering of images | |
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| Low pass filtering | |
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| High pass filtering | |
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| Band pass and band stop filtering | |
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| Removal of periodic noise | |
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| Implementations of filters in Java | |
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| Deconvolution | |
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| Point spread functions | |
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| The inverse filter | |
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| The Wiener filter | |
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| Further reading | |
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| Exercises | |
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| Geometric operations | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Simple techniques and their limitations | |
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| Affine transformations | |
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| Affine transformations in Java | |
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| Transformation algorithms | |
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| Interpolation schemes | |
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| Zero-order interpolation | |
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| First-order interpolation | |
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| Higher-order interpolations | |
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| Affine image transformation in Java | |
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| Warping and morphing | |
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| Further reading | |
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| Exercises | |
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| Segmentation | |
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| Introduction | |
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| A simple non-contextual technique: thresholding | |
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| Thresholding of pixel grey level | |
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| Thresholding of colour | |
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| Java tools for thresholding of grey level and colour | |
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| Contextual techniques | |
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| Pixel connectivity | |
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| Region similarity | |
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| Region growing | |
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| The split and merge algorithm | |
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| Segmentation using other image properties | |
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| Further reading | |
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| Exercises | |
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| Morphological image processing | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Basic concepts | |
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| Structuring elements | |
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| Fitting and hitting | |
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| Java classes to represent structuring elements | |
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| Fundamental operations | |
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| Erosion | |
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| Dilation | |
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| Implementations of erosion and dilation in Java | |
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| Compound operations | |
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| Opening | |
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| Closing | |
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| Hit and miss transform | |
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| Java implementations | |
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| Morphological filtering | |
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| Greyscale morphology | |
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| Erosion and dilation | |
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| Opening and closing | |
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| Other compound operations | |
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| Java implementations of greyscale operations | |
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| Further reading | |
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| Exercises | |
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| Image compression | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Redundancy | |
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| Performance characterisation | |
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| Lossless compression techniques | |
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| Delta compression | |
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| Run length encoding | |
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| Statistical coding | |
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| Dictionary-based coding | |
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| Comparison of techniques | |
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| Lossy compression techniques | |
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| JPEG compression | |
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| Fractal compression | |
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| Compression of moving images | |
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| Further reading | |
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| Exercises | |
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| Glossary of Image Processing Terms | |
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| Bibliography | |
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| Index | |