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| Acknowledgments | |
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| About the Editors | |
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| New to the Fourth Edition | |
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| Defining and Studying Gangs | |
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| Introduction | |
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| A Brief Review of the Definitional Problem | |
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| Street Gang Theory and Research: Where Are We Now and Where Do We Go from Here? | |
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| Studying Youth Gangs: Alternative Methods and Conclusions | |
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| The Value of Comparisons in Street Gang Research | |
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| The Scope and Dynamics of Gang Involvement | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Gang Problem Prevalence Trends in the U.S | |
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| Gang Members on the Move | |
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| Who Are the Gangsters? An Examination of the Age, Race/Ethnicity, Sex, and Immigration Status of Self-Reported Gang Members in a Seven-City Study of American Youth | |
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| Getting into Gangs | |
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| Longitudinal Perspectives on Adolescent Street Gangs | |
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| Motives and Methods for Leaving the Gang: Understanding the Process of Gang Desistance | |
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| Gang Structures and Group Processes | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Gang Structures | |
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| Hate Groups or Street Gangs? The Emergence of Racist Skinheads | |
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| Understanding the Black Box of Gang Organization: Implications for Involvement in Violent Crime, Drug Sales, and Violent Victimization | |
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| Gang Dynamics through the Lens of Social Identity Theory | |
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| Gang Transformation, Changes or Demise: Evidence from an English City | |
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| Race and Ethnicity | |
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| Introduction | |
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| The Impact of Multiple Marginality on Gang Membership and Delinquent Behavior for Hispanic, African American, and White Male Adolescents | |
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| Racialized Identities and the Formation of Black Gangs in Los Angeles | |
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| Typically Moroccan? A Group Dynamic Explanation of Nuisance and Criminal Behavior | |
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| Legitimated Oppression: Inner-City Mexican American Experiences with Police Gang Enforcement | |
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| Gender | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Girlfriends, Gun-Holders and Ghetto Rats? Moving Beyond Narrow Views of Girls in Gangs | |
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| Gender and Victimization Risk among Young Women in Gangs | |
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| The Path and Promise of Fatherhood for Gang Members | |
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| Girl Members of Deviant Youth Groups, Offending Behaviour and Victimisation: Results from the ISRD2 in Italy and Switzerland | |
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| Community Contexts | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Sweet Mothers and Gangbangers: Managing Crime in a Black Middle-Class Neighborhood | |
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| Gangs, Neighborhoods, and Public Policy | |
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| Neighborhood Variation in Gang Member Concentrations | |
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| Who Needs Enemies with Friends Like These? The Importance of Place for Young People Living in Known Gang Areas | |
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| Crime and Victimization | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Gang Homicides in Five U.S. Cities | |
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| Homicidal Events among Mexican American Street Gangs: A Situational Analysis | |
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| Gang Membership and Offending Patterns | |
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| Deviant Youth Groups in 30 Countries: Results from the Second International Self-Report Delinquency Study | |
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| The Boulevard Ain't Safe for Your Kids…: Youth Gang Membership and Violent Victimization | |
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| Responses to Street Gangs, Programs, and Policies | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Is G.R.E.A.T Effective? Results from the National Evaluation of the Gang Resistance Education and Training (G.R.E.A.T.) Program | |
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| The Comprehensive, Community-Wide Gang Program Model: Success and Failure | |
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| A Study of Police Gang Units in Six Cities | |
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| Focused Deterrence Strategies and the Reduction of Gang and Group-Involved Violence | |
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| "It's Getting Crazy Out There": Can a Civil Gang Injunction Change a Community? | |
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