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| Acknowledgments and Preface to the Second Edition | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Politics and Human Nature | |
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| The Idea of Human Nature or the Human | |
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| Good as "Function": Normative Anthropology | |
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| My "Story" of Political Philosophy-and My Cast of Characters | |
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| Enduring Issues in Political Philosophy | |
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| Classical Greek Political Philosophy: Beginnings | |
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| Protagoras's Democratic Traditionalism | |
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| The Functionalistic Foundation of the Political Aretai in Nature (Physis) | |
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| Glaucon's Contractarian Political Theory | |
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| Plato: Government for Corrupted Intellects | |
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| Socrates' Polis of Pigs | |
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| The "Republic" of Plato's Republic | |
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| The Human Ergon and the Purpose of Political Organization | |
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| Furthering Rationality by Means of the Polis? | |
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| Why Should Anyone Return to the Cave? | |
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| Plato and "the Rule of Law" | |
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| Aristotle: Politics as the Master Art | |
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| The Human Good: Intellectual and Political | |
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| "Acting Correctly" (Eupraxia) as a Grand End? | |
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| The Polis as a Complete Community | |
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| The Role of Politics: the Master Art? | |
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| Concluding Thoughts | |
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| Cicero: The Cosmic Significance of Politics | |
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| Cicero as Champion of the Res Publica | |
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| What is Right (Ius): The Rule of Law (Lex) and Normative Anthropology | |
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| Virtues, Duties, and Laws | |
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| Christianity: A Political Religion? | |
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| The New Testament and Beyond | |
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| Pauline Cosmopolitanism | |
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| The Roman Empire Christianized | |
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| The Advent of Tempora Christiana (The Christian Era) | |
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| Augustine, Aquinas, and Marsilius of Padua: Politics for Saints, Sinners, and Heretics | |
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| St. Augustine | |
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| The Two Rationales of Augustine's City of God | |
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| The Two Cities | |
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| Theoretical Political Consequences | |
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| Christians as Good Citizens of Secular States? | |
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| St. Thomas Aquinas | |
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| The Human Function: Nature and Praeternature | |
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| The "Parts" of the Eternal Law: Divine, Natural, and Human Law | |
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| Political Forms, Procedures, and other Particulars | |
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| Aquinas's Political Philosophy: Some Concluding Observations | |
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| Marsilius of Padua | |
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| The Autonomous but Coercive Regnum (Political Community) and Its Law | |
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| The Political Wisdom and Authority of the Whole Body of Citizens | |
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| Hobbes and Locke: Seventeenth-Century Contractarianism | |
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| Thomas Hobbes: Natural Law Simplified and Modernized | |
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| Natural Law, Natural Rights, and the Human Function | |
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| Law, Contracts, and the "Leviathan" | |
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| The Civil State: Sovereign and Subjects | |
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| Concluding Thoughts on God and Sovereigns | |
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| John Locke: Divinely Mandated Autonomy, Natural Rights, and Property | |
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| Moral Knowledge and Human Motivation | |
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| The State of Nature and the Social Contract | |
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| Property and Liberal Political Theory: Lockean Origins | |
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| Rousseau and Marx: Reaction to Bourgeois-Liberalism | |
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| Jean-Jacques Rousseau: Autonomous Citizens for the True Republic | |
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| The Intertwined Development of Civilization, Corruption, and Morality | |
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| The Social Contract and the �mile: Republics and Republican Citizens | |
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| Politics and the Human Function | |
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| Karl Marx: Distortion of the Human Function Within the Bourgeois-Liberal State | |
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| Political Emancipation and the Bourgeois-Liberal State | |
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| Alienation and the Human Function | |
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| Historical Materialism and the Coming of Communism | |
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| Concluding Thoughts: the Cookshops of the Future made Present | |
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| Mill and Rawls: Liberalism Ascendant? | |
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| John Stuart Mill: Perfectionist Liberalism | |
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| Mill's Liberalism | |
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| Liberty and Government | |
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| Democratic Republicanism | |
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| Concluding Thought on Mill and Liberalism | |
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| John Rawls: Political (and Nonperfectionist?) Liberalism | |
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| Egalitarian Justice as the "First Virtue of Social Institutions": Basic Assumptions | |
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| Rawls's Two Principles of Justice: What They Apply to and Why | |
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| Consensus, Public Reason, and the Distinction between Citoyen and Bourgeois | |
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| The Ultimate Justification of Rawlsian Liberalism? | |
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| Epilogue | |
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| Index | |