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| Preface | |
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| Acknowledgments | |
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| List of Maps | |
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| List of Abbreviations | |
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| Introduction: What Is Europe? | |
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| Europe as a Cultural Conception | |
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| The Idea of Europe and Christianity | |
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| The European Ideal Becomes Secularized | |
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| Hegemony versus Consensus | |
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| The Ideal of Unity between the Two World Wars | |
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| The European Concept during the Late Twentieth Century | |
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| A Post-Cold War Perspective | |
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| Bibliographical Essay | |
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| The European Age | |
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| December 14, 1900 | |
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| The Twentieth Century: Science and Ideology | |
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| European Society | |
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| Changing Cultural and Political Outlooks | |
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| Bibliographical Essay | |
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| Biographical Sketches | |
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| Anna Kuliscioff Cofounder of Italian Socialism | |
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| Max Planck An Upright German | |
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| The Democracies and Their Dilemmas | |
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| Britain: Accommodation and Militancy | |
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| France Muddles Through | |
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| Italian Democracy in the Making | |
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| Bibliographical Essay | |
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| Biographical Sketches | |
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| Emmeline Pankhurst "Votes for Women!" | |
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| Jean-Joseph-Marie-Auguste Jaures Martyr | |
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| The Authoritarian States | |
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| The German Empire: Greater Prussia | |
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| "That Ramshackle Realm": Austria-Hungary | |
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| Imperial Russia: "Institutions Are of No Importance" | |
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| Bibliographical Essay | |
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| Biographical Sketches | |
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| Friedrich Wilhelm Viktor Albrecht of Hohenzollern Failure | |
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| Karl Lueger Mayor of Vienna | |
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| Foreign Policies | |
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| Britain: Managing Decline | |
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| World Policy (Weltpolitik) | |
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| France's Lost Provinces | |
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| Showdown in the Balkans | |
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| Italy Searches for Security | |
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| Bibliographical Essay | |
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| Biographical Sketches | |
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| Theophile Delcasse Warrior Diplomat | |
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| Francis Joseph of Hapsburg Unlucky | |
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| European Peripheries | |
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| Scandinavia: An Ideal Unity | |
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| Different Roads: The Low Countries | |
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| The Making of a Conservative: Switzerland | |
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| The Iberian States | |
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| Southeastern Europe | |
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| Bibliographical Essay | |
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| Biographical Sketches | |
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| Niels Henrik David Bohr "Uncle Nick" | |
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| Emile Vandervelde Evolutionary Socialist | |
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| End of Hegemony | |
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| World War | |
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| Imperialism and Diplomacy: From Crisis to Crisis | |
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| History of a History: Causes of World War I | |
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| Combat! | |
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| The Home Fronts | |
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| The War Ends | |
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| Bibliographical Essay | |
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| Biographical Sketches | |
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| Henry Gwyn Jeffreys Moseley A Casualty of War | |
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| Erich Maria Remarque "But now, for the first time, people learned what it was really like" | |
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| War's Immediate Impact: Russian and Other Revolutions | |
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| War and the Russian Revolutions | |
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| The German Revolution | |
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| End of the War in Germany | |
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| The Struggle for Power | |
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| Foundation of the Weimar Republic | |
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| Revolution in Austria | |
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| The Hungarian Revolution | |
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| Continuous Rebellion: Artists and Scientists | |
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| Bibliographical Essay | |
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| Biographical Sketches | |
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| Vladimir Ilych Ulyanov A Sealed Train | |
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| Rosa Luxemburg Marxist Martyr | |
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| The Consequences of The Peace | |
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| The Paris Peace Conference | |
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| The Territorial Consequences | |
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| Economic Consequences | |
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| The Moral Consequences | |
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| The League of Nations | |
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| Bibliographical Essay | |
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| Biographical Sketches | |
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| Georges Clemenceau Tiger | |
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| Sidney Sonnino Failed Diplomatist | |
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| Hard Landings: from Crisis to False Prosperity | |
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| Britain: Back to 1914 | |
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| France's Quest for Security | |
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| Italy: From "Red Biennium" to Fascism | |
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| Weimar's Three Original Sins | |
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| The USSR: The Crisis of NEP | |
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| Bibliographical Essay | |
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| Biographical Sketches | |
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| John Maynard Keynes Savior of Capitalism | |
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| Benito Amilcare Andrea Mussolini Young Rebel | |
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| An Age of Dictators | |
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| The Great Depression and The Liberal Democracies | |
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| The Great Depression | |
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| British Democracy | |
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| Troubled France | |
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| Scandinavia: Toward Social Democracy | |
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| Marking Time: The Low Countries and Switzerland | |
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| Bibliographical Essay | |
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| Biographical Sketches | |
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| James Ramsay Mac | |
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| Donald Labour's "Nonperson" Prime Minister | |
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| Leon Blum Popular Front | |
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| The Crisis of Democracy in Eastern and Southern Europe | |
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| The Victors of the Versailles Settlement | |
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| The Versailles Settlement's Losers | |
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| The Aegean and the Adriatic | |
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| Iberia | |
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| Bibliographical Essay | |
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| Biographical Sketches | |
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| Josef Klemens Pilsudski Polish Dictator | |
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| Thomas Garrigue Masaryk European Democrat | |
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| Mussolini's Fascism | |
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| Fascist Practice | |
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| Fascist Ideology | |
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| Bibliographical Essay | |
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| Biographical Sketches | |
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| Edmondo Rossoni Fascist Labor | |
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| Margherita Sarfatti "Dictator of the Figurative Arts" | |
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| Stalin's Communism | |
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| Communist Ideology | |
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| Communist Practice | |
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| Bibliographical Essay | |
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| Biographical Sketches | |
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| Nikolai Ivanovich Bukharin Communist Theoretician | |
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| Alexandra Mikhaylovna Kollontai "Red Rose of the Revolution" | |
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| The Nazi Assault on Weimar | |
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| Weimar's Crumbling Support | |
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| Ascent of the Nazi Party | |
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| The Collapse of Weimar | |
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| Installing the Dictatorship | |
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| Bibliographical Essay | |
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| Biographical Sketches | |
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| Adolf Hitler Down and Out in Vienna | |
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| Franz von Papen Politico | |
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| Hitler's Nazism | |
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| Foundations of Nazism | |
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| Kristallnacht | |
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| Nazi Theory and Practice | |
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| Everyday Life | |
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| Bibliographical Essay | |
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| Biographical Sketches | |
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| Gertrud Scholtz-Klink Unrepentant! | |
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| Hermann Goering Nazi Chieftain | |
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| Interwar Society and Culture | |
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| Society | |
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| Entertainment and High Culture | |
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| Technology and Society | |
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| Pure Science: Revolution and Travail | |
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| Bibliographical Essay | |
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| Biographical Sketches | |
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| Ettore Majorana The Enduring Mystery | |
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| Lise Meitner The Role of Insight | |
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| Diplomacy between The Wars: The Collapse of Peace | |
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| The Continent in the 1920s | |
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| Correcting Versailles | |
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| The Hitler Revolution | |
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| From Crisis to Crisis | |
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| A New War | |
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| Bibliographical Essay | |
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| Biographical Sketches | |
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| Gustav Stresemann Fulfillment | |
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| Aristide Briand Man of Peace, "Father of Europe" | |
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| The German Tide over Europe | |
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| Confrontation | |
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| German Successes | |
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| The Home Fronts | |
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| Bibliographical Essay | |
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| Biographical Sketches | |
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| Heinz Wilhelm Guderian Panzer General | |
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| Maurice Gustave Gamelin Historical Footnote | |
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| Inside Hitler's Europe: Military Occupation and Genocide | |
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| Short and Long-Term Aims | |
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| Military Occupation in the East | |
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| Military Occupation in the West | |
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| The Holocaust | |
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| Genocide | |
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| How The War was Won | |
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| Weapons | |
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| Battles | |
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| Resistance | |
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| The Future | |
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| Ideology: Nationalism's Handmaiden? | |
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| Bibliographical Essay | |
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| Biographical Sketches | |
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| Erwin Rommel The Desert Fox | |
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| Bernard Law Montgomery Hero of El Alamein | |
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| [End Volume 1 / Begin Volume 2] | |
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| Dual Europe | |
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| Making Postwar Europe | |
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| Soviet Dominance in the East | |
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| The West: American Influence | |
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| The Cold War | |
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| Bibliographical Essay | |
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| Biographical Sketches | |
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| Klement Gottwald Stalinist | |
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| Josip Broz Tito Communist Nationalist | |
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| Economic Integration and Political Stabilization in The West | |
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| Defense Mechanisms | |
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| Economic Integration | |
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| The Community: New Europe's Core | |
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| Associated Countries | |
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| Bibliographical Essay | |
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| Biographical Sketches | |
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| Jean Monnet Cognac and Europe | |
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| Konrad Adenauer Senior Statesman | |
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| Failure of Efta and Expansion of The European Communityefta | |
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| Characteristics of the Seven | |
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| The Disappearing Periphery | |
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| Bibliographical Essay | |
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| Biographical Sketches | |
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| James Harold Wilson Reluctant European | |
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| Kurt Waldheim Austria in the Dock | |
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| Decolonization | |
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| Origins of Decolonization | |
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| Death by War | |
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| Failed Transformations | |
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| Bibliographical Essay | |
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| Biographical Sketches | |
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| Frantz Fanon Language, Peasants, and Revolution | |
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| Stalinism and "Actually Existing Socialism" | |
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| Guiding Principles | |
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| The East European Revolution | |
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| Stalinism in Eastern Europe | |
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| "Actually Existing Socialism" in the USSR | |
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| Bibliographical Essay | |
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| Biographical Sketches | |
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| Georgi Dimitrov Master in Ideology | |
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| Ana Rabinovici Pauker Communist Nonperson | |
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| De-Stalinization and Destabilization | |
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| Stalin's Successors | |
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| Destabilization in Eastern Europe | |
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| Khrushchev's Dilemma | |
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| Restricted Decentralization | |
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| Bibliographical Essay | |
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| Biographical Sketches | |
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| Nikita Sergeievich Khrushchev Peasant Wit | |
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| Alexander Dubcek Brief Spring | |
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| The Shifting Economic Framework and Political Change in The West | |
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| Economic Quandaries | |
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| The Thatcher Era in Britain | |
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| Mitterrand's "Unintended Revolution" | |
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| Italy's Triple Revolution | |
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| Keeping the Balance in Germany | |
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| Meeting the Challenge | |
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| Bibliographical Essay | |
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| Biographical Sketches | |
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| Margaret Hilda Roberts Thatcher No Interpreter Needed | |
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| Francois Maurice Adrien Marie Mitterrand "A Very Good Dancer" | |
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| Cultural Change and Extremism in The West | |
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| Expanding Opportunities and Growing Protest | |
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| Discontent in the West | |
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| The 1968 Revolts | |
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| Terrorism and Society | |
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| Growth of Feminism | |
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| Return to Normalcy | |
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| The Greens | |
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| Bibliographical Essay | |
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| Biographical Sketches | |
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| Mara Cagol Co-Founder, Red Brigades | |
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| Simone Lucie Ernestine Marie Bertrand e Beauvoir, Philosopher-Feminist | |
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| Continuity and Change | |
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| Scandinavian Social Democracy | |
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| Central Europe | |
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| The Lesser-Developed Countries | |
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| European Union: The Acceleration of History | |
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| Bibliographical Essay | |
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| Biographical Sketches | |
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| Joerg Haider Embarrassment or Admonition? | |
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| Andreas Papandreou Democratic Fighter | |
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| Evolution of Society | |
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| Postwar Society | |
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| Discontent in the West | |
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| The Changing Family | |
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| Immigration | |
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| Bibliographical Essay | |
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| Biographical Sketches | |
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| John XXIII "The Good Pope" | |
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| Boris Pasternak Doctor Zhivago | |
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| Cultural Dimensions | |
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| Science and Technology | |
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| European Culture | |
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| Euromarxism | |
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| Bibliographical Essay | |
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| Biographical Sketches | |
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| Jean-Paul Sartre Model of an Intellectual | |
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| Arcangela Felice Assunta Wertmuller von Elgg Spanol von Braucich Outrageous! | |
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| Stagnation and Failed Reform in The East | |
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| Stagnation in the Soviet Union | |
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| Beginning the End: Poland | |
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| Mikhail Gorbachev's Failed Revolution | |
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| Bibliographical Essay | |
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| Biographical Sketches | |
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| Andrei Dmitrievich Sakharov "Our Regime Resembles A Cancer Cell" | |
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| Nicolae Ceausescu Gigantomania | |
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| The Collapse of Communism | |
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| Why the Dominoes Fell | |
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| The Process of Collapse I: Implosion | |
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| The Process of Collapse II: Explosion | |
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| The Process of Collapse III: Russia versus the Soviet Union | |
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| Bibliographical Essay | |
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| Biographical Sketches | |
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| Vaclav Havel Velvet Revolution | |
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| Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin Maverick | |
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| Europe in A Global Age: Problems and Prospects | |
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| The New Germany | |
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| The New Russia | |
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| The Balkan and Southeastern Hot Spots | |
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| Unfinished Business | |
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| The European Union's March | |
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| The Larger East European Economies and the EU | |
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| What Is Europe? | |
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| Bibliographical Essay | |
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| Biographical Sketches | |