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About the Authors | |
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Preface | |
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What Is Multicultural Psychology? | |
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What is Multicultural Psychology? | |
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Narrow and Broad Definitions of Culture | |
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Culture and Worldview | |
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What Is Race? | |
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Multicultural Psychology versus Cross-Cultural Psychology | |
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Why Do We Need the Field of Multicultural Psychology? | |
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Multiculturalism as the Fourth Force Understanding the Cultural Context of Behavior | |
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The Biopsychosocial Model | |
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The Basic Tenets of Multicultural Theory Historical Background | |
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Dubious Beginnings We Begin to Define Ourselves | |
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Gender Differences Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Issues | |
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The Rise of Multiculturalism | |
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Summary | |
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Multicultural Issues Involving Research and Testing | |
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Research Methods in Psychology | |
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The General Research Model | |
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The White Standard Internal versus External Validity | |
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Quantitative Versus Qualitative Research | |
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Quantitative Approaches Qualitative Approaches | |
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Equivalence of Measures | |
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Qualitative Approaches and Gender Qualitative Approaches and Older Populations | |
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Experimental Designs Psychological Testing | |
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Intelligence Testing | |
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Intelligence, Context, and Older Adults Alternative Conceptions of Intelligence Personality and Diagnostic Testing | |
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Summary | |
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Cultural Differences in Worldviews | |
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Different Perspectives for Looking at Cultures | |
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Imposing a Worldview | |
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Understanding Differences from Within | |
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Male and Female Perspectives | |
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Well-Meaning Clashes | |
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Individualism Versus Collectivism | |
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The Individual and Society | |
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Guilt versus Shame Face | |
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Giving and Social Support | |
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Value Orientation and Worldviews | |
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Kluckhohn and Strodtbeck's Value Orientation | |
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Model Derald Wing Sue's Worldview Model | |
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Ethnic Minority Worldview | |
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Worldview of Women | |
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Worldview of Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Individuals | |
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Summary | |
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Cultural Differences in Communication | |
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Cultural Rules Nonverbal Aspects of Language | |
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Proxemics | |
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Kinesics | |
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Paralanguage | |
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High Versus Low-Context Communication | |
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Direct versus Indirect Communication | |
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Ethnic Minority Patterns of Communication | |
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African Americans | |
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Latinos/as American-Indians | |
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Communication Patterns of the Elderly | |
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Gender Differences in Communication | |
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Bilingual Communication | |
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Cognitive Consequences of Bilingualism | |
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Social Consequences of Bilingualism | |
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Summary | |
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Immigrants, Refugees, and the Acculturation Process | |
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Immigrants and Refugees | |
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Immigrants | |
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Refugees | |
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Common Experiences of Immigrants and Refugees | |
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Language Barriers | |
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Support Networks | |
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Family Hierarchies | |
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New Family Roles | |
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Employment | |
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Education | |
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Acculturation | |
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"Old" and "New" Immigrants | |
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Models of Acculturation | |
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Acculturation of Immigrants | |
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Acculturation of Ethnic Minority Populations | |
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The Migration Process | |
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Ecological Context and Fit | |
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Summary | |
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Sterotyping, Prejudice, Discrimination, and Racism | |
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Categorizations of Race and Ethnicity | |
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Stereotype Threat | |
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The Development of Negative Stereotypes | |
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Racism | |
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Overt versus Covert Racism | |
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The Response to Hurricane Katrina: A Case of Covert, Unintentional Racism? | |
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Aversive Racism Racial | |
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Microaggressions | |
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White Privilege | |
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Summary | |
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Cultural Identity Development | |
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A Model of Personal Identity | |
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Racial Identity Development | |
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African American Identity Development | |
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White Identity Development | |
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Chicano/Latino Identity Development | |
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Brief Overview of Asian American/Pilipino | |
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American Identity Development | |
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Multiracial Identity Development | |
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Gay/Lesbian Identity Development | |
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Racial and Cultural Identity Development | |
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Model Other Identities | |
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A Critique of the Stage Models | |
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Multiple Layering of Identities | |
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Summary | |
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Culture and Health | |
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Health and Health Behaviors | |
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Health Disparities Defined | |
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Causes of Health Disparities | |
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Racism | |
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Poverty | |
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Structural Barriers | |
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Access to the Health Care System | |
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Differential Treatment | |
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Mistrust of the Health Care System | |
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Why Should We Care? | |
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Bringing About Change | |
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Sickle Cell Anemia | |
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A Case Study | |
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Summary | |
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Culture and Mental Health | |
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Culture and Diagnosis | |
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The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders | |
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A Classification System | |
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Culture and the Expression of Symptoms | |
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Cultural Group Differences and Mental Health | |
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The Epidemiologic Catchment Area Project (ECA) | |
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National Comorbidity Survey (NCS) | |
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The Collaborative Psychiatric Epidemiology Studies (CPES) | |
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Ethnic/Racial Groups Not Well Represented in the Large Epidemiological Studies | |
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Critique of the Epidemiologic Studies | |
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Conclusions from Existing Data | |
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Gender Differences | |
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Culture-Bound Syndromes | |
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Eating Disorders: An American Culture-Bound Syndrome? | |
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Culture and the Treatment of Mental Disorders | |
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Underutilization of Mental Health Services | |
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Barriers to Treatment | |
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Culture-Bound Values as Barriers | |
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Class-Bound Values as Barriers | |
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Language as a Barrier | |
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Experience with Racism | |
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Culturally Sensitive Therapeutic Approaches | |
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The Training of Mental Health Professionals: Multicultural Competence | |
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Cultural Matching | |
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Culture-Specific Therapies | |
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Example of a Culture-Specific Approach: African-Centered Psychology | |
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Treatment Issues and Strategies for Sexual Minorities | |
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Summary | |
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Where Do We Go From Here? Building Multicultural Competence | |
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How to Increase Your Multicultural Competence | |
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The Multicultural Competencies | |
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Awareness of Your Own Cultural Attitudes | |
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The Four F Reactions | |
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Freeze | |
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Flee | |
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Fight | |
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Fright | |
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The Five D's of Difference | |
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Distancing | |
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Denial | |
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Defensiveness | |
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Devaluing | |
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Discovery | |
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The Three S's of Similarity | |
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Simple | |
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Safe | |
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Sane | |
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Examining Your Biases, Prejudices, and Stereotypes | |
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Learning about Your Own Culture | |
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Understanding Other Worldviews | |
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Learning Key Historical Events | |
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Becoming Aware of Sociopolitical Issues | |
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Knowing Basic Values and Beliefs | |
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Understanding Cultural Practices | |
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Knowing the Dynamics of Racism, Discrimination, and Stereotyping | |
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Development of Culturally Appropriate Interpersonal Skills | |
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Education and Training | |
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Experience and Practice | |
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Saying "I Don't Know" and Asking Questions | |
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Travel | |
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Being an Ally | |
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An Attitude of Discovery and Courage | |
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Summary | |
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Glossary | |
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References | |
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Credits | |
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Index | |