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Standard Mereology | |
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Introduction | |
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The Standard Conception of Composition | |
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Introductory Remarks | |
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Standard Mereology | |
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The Basic Concepts of Standard Mereology | |
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The Basic Principles of Standard Mereology | |
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A Gradual Statement of the Theory | |
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The Application of Standard Mereology to Ordinary Material Objects | |
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Ordinary Objects as Mereological Sums | |
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Introductory Remarks | |
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Thomson's Three-Dimensionalist Approach | |
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Lewis' Four-Dimensionalist Approach | |
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Support for Unrestricted Composition | |
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The Lewis/Sider Argument from Vagueness | |
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The Controversial Premise (P3) | |
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The Matter of Vague Existence | |
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The Composition-as-Identity Thesis | |
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Concluding Remarks | |
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Composition as Non-Identity | |
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Introductory Remarks | |
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The Suspect Strategy | |
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The Suspect Strategy and Leibniz's Law | |
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Contingent Identity | |
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Temporary Identity | |
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Indeterminate Identity | |
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The Suspect Strategy and Existence Principles: Non-Existent Objects | |
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The Suspect Strategy and Restricted Indiscernibility Principles | |
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Coincident Objects | |
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Relative Identity | |
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What's Wrong with the Suspect Strategy? | |
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The Purely Stipulative Response | |
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Gibbard's Appeal to Failures of Substitutivity | |
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Parsons' Appeal to the Paradoxes of Naive Set Theory | |
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Deutsch's Expansion Principle | |
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Concluding Remarks | |
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A Contemporary Structure-Based Mereology | |
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A Different Kind of Whole | |
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Introductory Remarks | |
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Parting Ways with the Standard Conception | |
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Fine's "Aggregative Objection" | |
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Fine's "Monster Objection" | |
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Fine's Theory of Embodiments | |
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Rigid Embodiments | |
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Variable Embodiments | |
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Discussion | |
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The Proliferation of Sui Generis Relations | |
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The Superabundance of Objects | |
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The Mysterious Nature of Variable Embodiments | |
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The Formal Properties of Parthood | |
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Concluding Remarks | |
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Ancient Structure-Based Mereologies | |
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The Role of Structure in Plato's Mereological Writings | |
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Introductory Remarks | |
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The Negative Mereological Undercurrent | |
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The Positive Mereological Undercurrent | |
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Platonic Wholes | |
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Normativity, Teleology, Intelligibility and Unity | |
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Structure and Content | |
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The Aristotelian Regress in Met. Z.17 | |
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Parts as "Structure-Laden" | |
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A Final Word on Content | |
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Concluding Remarks | |
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Aristotle's Refinements of Plato's Theory | |
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Introductory Remarks | |
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The Centrality of "Part" and "Whole" in the Aristotelian Corpus | |
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The Problem of the One and the Many | |
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A Reading of the Text | |
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One, Divisibility, Part, Quantity and Measure | |
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Kinds of Measure and Principles of Unity | |
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The Ways of Being a Part: Met. �. 25 | |
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The Ways of Being a Whole: Met. �.26 | |
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Wholes and Totals | |
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Degrees of Wholeness | |
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Summary of Sections VI.3-4: The Highlights | |
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Discussion | |
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The Formal Properties of Parthood | |
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In Search of the Ultimate Mereological Atom | |
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Concluding Remarks | |
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An Alternative Structure-Based Theory | |
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Objects as Structured Wholes | |
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Introductory Remarks | |
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Outlines of the Theory | |
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Mereological Non-Proliferation: A Single Relation of Parthood | |
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The Restricted Nature of Composition | |
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An Ontology of Kinds | |
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Ontology and Mereology | |
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Form and Matter | |
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An Ontology of Structured Wholes | |
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The Dichotomous Nature of Wholes | |
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Material Components as Proper Parts | |
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Formal Components as Proper Parts | |
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Material and Formal Components as Proper Parts | |
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The Hierarchical Nature of Composition | |
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Change over Time | |
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Synchronic and Diachronic Identity | |
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Composition as Non-Identity | |
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The Unified Nature of Wholes | |
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Concluding Remarks | |
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In Defense of Kinds | |
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Introductory Remarks | |
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What Are Natural Kinds? | |
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The Special Features of Natural Kinds | |
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Induction and Projectibility | |
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Laws of Nature | |
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Causation and Explanation | |
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Biological Taxa | |
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The Ontological Status of Species | |
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Species as Kinds | |
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What Sorts of Entities Are Natural Kinds? | |
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The Semantics of Natural Kind Terms | |
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Rigid Designation | |
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Incommensurability and Indeterminacy: Physical and Chemical Kinds | |
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Impurities and Isotopes: Scientific and Ordinary Classifications | |
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Meaning-Change and Theory-Change | |
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Concluding Remarks | |
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Structure | |
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Introductory Remarks | |
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Some Preliminaries | |
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Related Notions | |
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Different Grammatical Roles | |
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The Gestalt Theorists: Rescher and Oppenheim | |
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Some Case Studies | |
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Mathematical Structure | |
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Logical Structure | |
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Chemical Structure | |
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Musical Structure | |
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Linguistic Structure | |
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Structures as Objects | |
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The Grounding Problem Revisited | |
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A Potential Problem Case | |
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The Detachability of the Grounding Problem | |
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Giving Up the Transitivity of Parthood | |
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Individual Forms and Haecceities | |
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Denying the Existence of Heaps | |
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Concluding Remarks | |
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Conclusion | |
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Bibliography | |
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General Index | |
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Index of Names | |