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| The Morality of Participation in an Unjust War | |
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| The Doctrine of the Moral Equality of Combatants | |
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| The Traditional Criterion of Liability to Attack in War | |
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| Can Unjust Combatants Satisfy the Principles of Jus in Bello? | |
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| The Basis of Moral Liability to Attrack in War | |
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| Arguments for the Moral Equality of Combatants | |
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| Justification and Liability | |
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| Consent | |
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| The Boxing Match Model of War | |
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| The Gladiatorial Combat Model of War | |
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| Hypothetical Consent | |
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| The Epistemic Argument | |
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| Institutions as Sources of Justification | |
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| The Duty to Defer to the Epistemic Authority of the Government | |
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| The Duty to Sustain the Efficient Functioning of Just Institutions | |
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| Fairness to Fellow Participants | |
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| The Collectivist Approach to the Morality of War | |
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| Transferred Responsibility | |
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| Symmetrical Disobedience | |
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| Conscientious Refusal | |
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| Excuses | |
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| Sources of Allegiance to the Moral Equality of Combatants | |
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| The Conflation of Morality and Law | |
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| The Conflation of Permission and Excuse | |
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| Excusing Conditions for Unjust Combatants | |
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| Duress | |
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| Epistemic Limitation | |
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| Diminished Responsibility | |
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| Skepticism About Excusing Unjust Combatants | |
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| Consistency | |
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| Are Unjust Combatants Excused by Duress? | |
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| Are Unjust Combatants Excused by Epistemic Limitations? | |
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| Liability and the Limits of Self-Defense | |
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| Different Types of Threat | |
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| The Relevance of Excuses to Killing in Self-Defense | |
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| Culpable Threats | |
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| Partially Excused Threats | |
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| Excused Threats and Innocent Threats | |
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| Nonresponsible Threats | |
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| Justified Threats and Just Threats | |
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| Liability to Defensive Attack | |
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| The Moral Status of Unjust Combatants | |
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| Liability and Punishment | |
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| The Relevance of Excuses to the Distribution of Risk | |
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| Child Soldiers | |
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| Civilian Immunity and Civilian Liability | |
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| The Moral and Legal Foundations of Civilian Immunity | |
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| The Possible Bases of Civilian Liability | |
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| Civilian Liability to Lesser and "Collateral" Harms | |
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| Can Civilians be Liable to Intentional Military Attack? | |
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| Civilian Liability and Terrorism | |
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| Notes | |
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| Index | |