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| Preface | |
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| Foreword | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Social and economic environment and health | |
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| Accounting for the global burden of disease | |
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| Social inequalities | |
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| Social determinants: selection or causation? | |
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| How does the social environment affect health? | |
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| Social Organisation, Stress and Health | |
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| Introduction | |
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| The personal and the social | |
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| Biological pathways in a social context | |
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| Human studies | |
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| Animal studies | |
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| Conclusions | |
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| Early Life | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Biological processes affecting child health | |
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| Biological processes and social factors | |
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| Policy implications | |
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| Conclusions | |
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| Charing and Westminster Medical School: The Life Course, theSocial Gradient and Health | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Social structure and the life course | |
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| Health and the life course | |
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| Life-course influences on health and mortality at older ages | |
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| Policy implications | |
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| Living in a High-Unemployment Economy: Understanding the Health Consequences | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Selection | |
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| Job insecurity and job quality | |
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| Unemployment in the life course | |
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| Effect of unemployment on population health | |
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| Policy implications | |
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| Health and the Psychosocial Environment at Work | |
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| IntroductionChanges in the distribution of coronary heart disease | |
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| Explanations of the social distribution of coronary heart disease | |
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| Evidence from studies | |
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| Effort-reward imbalance model | |
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| East/West comparisons | |
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| Transport and Health | |
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| Background | |
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| Sustainable development - a global perspective | |
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| Patterns of travel | |
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| Trends | |
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| Health impacts of transport | |
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| Interventions | |
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| The politics of change | |
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| Conclusions | |
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| Stephen A Stansfield (UCL): Social Support and Social Cohesion | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Measurement of supportSocial support and personality | |
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| Mechanisms for the action of social support on health | |
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| Hormonal pathways for the effects of support | |
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| Social support and mortality | |
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| Social support and physical morbidity | |
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| Social support and prognosis | |
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| Social support and mental health | |
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| Social support and sickness absence | |
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| Gender differences | |
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| Society, social integration, and health | |
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| Social class and social support | |
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| Social support and the physical environment | |
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| Intervening to improve social cohesion and health | |
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| Conclusions | |
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| Food is a Political Issue | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Epidemiology of diet-related disease | |
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| Strategies for prevention | |
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| Food industrialization and food poverty | |
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| Local production for local consumption | |
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| Policy implications | |
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| Poverty, Social Exclusion and Minorities | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Poverty and health | |
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| Central and Eastern Europe | |
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| Social exclusion | |
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| Conclusion and implications for policy | |
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| Social Patterning of Individual Health Behaviours: The Case of Cigarette Smoking | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Rates of cigarette smoking by material and cultural disadvantage | |
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| Trends in cigarette smoking prevalence and rates of cessation by deprivation | |
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| Contribution of smoking to differences in death rates by social group | |
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| Why do poor people smoke? | |
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| Implications for policies to promote cessation | |
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| Putting the Picture Together: Prosperity, Redistribution,Health and Welfare | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Relative income | |
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| Inequality and psychosocial welfare | |
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| A culture of inequality | |
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| Conclusions | |
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| Epilogue: WHO's social determinants campaign and the Healthy Cities Project | |