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| Preface | |
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| Inorganic structures of life | |
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| Biomineralization--the big picture | |
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| Biomineralization--a new chemistry | |
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| This book | |
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| Further reading | |
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| Biomineral types and functions | |
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| Calcium carbonate--calcite and aragonite | |
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| Shells--big and small | |
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| Gravity sensors | |
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| Lenses | |
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| Calcium carbonate--vaterite and amorphous phases | |
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| Calcium phosphate | |
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| Bone | |
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| Teeth | |
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| Other Group 2A biominerals | |
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| Silica | |
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| Iron oxides | |
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| Magnetic bacteria | |
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| Rusty proteins | |
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| Iron teeth | |
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| Metal sulfides | |
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| Summary | |
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| Further reading | |
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| General principles of biomineralization | |
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| Biologically induced mineralization | |
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| Biologically controlled mineralization | |
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| Site-directed biomineralization | |
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| Lipid vesicles | |
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| Macromolecular frameworks | |
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| Site requirements | |
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| Control mechanisms | |
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| Chemical control | |
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| Spatial control | |
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| Structural control | |
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| Morphological control | |
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| Constructional control | |
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| General model | |
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| Summary | |
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| Further reading | |
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| Chemical control of biomineralization | |
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| Solubility | |
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| Solubility product | |
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| Supersaturation | |
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| Nucleation | |
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| Oriented nucleation--epitaxy | |
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| Crystal growth | |
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| Mechanisms | |
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| Crystal growth inhibition | |
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| Crystal morphology | |
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| Equilibrium morphology | |
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| Habit modification | |
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| Polymorphism | |
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| Phase transformations | |
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| Amorphous precursors | |
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| Crystalline intermediates--calcium phosphates | |
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| Rusty transformations--iron oxides | |
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| Summary | |
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| Further reading | |
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| Boundary-organized biomineralization | |
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| Spatial boundaries | |
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| Phospholipid vesicles | |
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| Protein vesicles--ferritin | |
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| Cellular assemblies | |
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| Macromolecular frameworks | |
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| Supersaturation control within spatial boundaries | |
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| Ion transport | |
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| Ion fluxes in calcification | |
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| Calcification in green algae | |
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| Coccolith calcification | |
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| Summary | |
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| Further reading | |
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| Organic matrix-mediated biomineralization | |
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| Organic matrices as mechanical frameworks | |
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| Macromolecules and the organic matrix--a general model | |
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| Matrix macromolecules in bone | |
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| Collagen | |
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| Non-collagenous proteins in bone | |
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| Tooth enamel proteins | |
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| Matrix macromolecules from shell nacre | |
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| Macromolecules and silica biomineralization--diatoms and sponges | |
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| Organic matrix-mediated nucleation | |
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| Interfacial molecular recognition | |
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| Electrostatic accumulation--the ionotropic model | |
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| Nucleation in ferritin | |
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| Surface topography | |
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| Structural matching--the geometric model | |
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| The stereochemical model | |
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| Summary | |
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| Further reading | |
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| Morphogenesis | |
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| Symmetry breaking | |
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| Vectorial regulation | |
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| Chemical patterning | |
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| Physical patterning | |
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| Pattern formation in biomineralization | |
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| Scaffolds | |
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| Vesicle foams--diatoms and radiolarians | |
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| Cellular groupings | |
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| Variations on a theme | |
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| Summary | |
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| Further reading | |
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| Biomineral tectonics | |
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| Structural hierarchy--bone | |
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| Prefabrication | |
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| Higher-order assembly | |
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| Multilevel processing | |
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| Coccoliths | |
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| Stages of construction | |
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| Summary | |
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| Further reading | |
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| Biomineral-inspired materials chemistry | |
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| Concepts and strategies | |
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| Synthesis in confined reaction spaces | |
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| Synthetic vesicles | |
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| Artificial ferritins | |
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| Bacterial threads | |
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| Polymer sponges | |
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| Template-directed materials synthesis | |
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| Biomineral matrices | |
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| Lipid tubules | |
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| Oriented nucleation on soap films | |
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| Morphosynthesis of biomimetic form | |
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| Physical patterning with supramolecular templates | |
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| Physical patterning from reaction field replication | |
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| Chemical patterning in unstable reaction fields | |
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| Crystal tectonics | |
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| Interactive assembly | |
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| Programmed assembly | |
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| Summary | |
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| Further reading | |
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| Index | |