| |
| |
Preface | |
| |
| |
| |
Biological anthropology and the scientific method | |
| |
| |
Background | |
| |
| |
Scientific inquiry | |
| |
| |
Critical thinking | |
| |
| |
Hypothesis, fact and theory | |
| |
| |
| |
Epistemology and the scientific method | |
| |
| |
| |
Evolutionary theory | |
| |
| |
Background | |
| |
| |
Evolutionary theory | |
| |
| |
Natural selection | |
| |
| |
Genetic drift and gene flow | |
| |
| |
Laboratory introduction: Darwinian medicine, fertility, and health | |
| |
| |
Pathogens | |
| |
| |
Microbial communities | |
| |
| |
Human reproduction | |
| |
| |
| |
Explain these evolutionary scenarios | |
| |
| |
| |
Genetics | |
| |
| |
Background | |
| |
| |
Mendelian inheritance | |
| |
| |
Mendelian versus polygenic traits | |
| |
| |
Protein synthesis | |
| |
| |
Cellular reproduction | |
| |
| |
Laboratory introduction: Prediction in genetics | |
| |
| |
ABO blood group | |
| |
| |
Hardy-Weinberg | |
| |
| |
Autosomal and sex-lined traits | |
| |
| |
Genotype and phenotype | |
| |
| |
| |
Punnett Squares, ABO and Hardy-Weinberg | |
| |
| |
| |
Human osteology | |
| |
| |
| |
The human skeleton | |
| |
| |
Vertebral column | |
| |
| |
Pelvis | |
| |
| |
Pectoral girdle | |
| |
| |
Appendicular skeleton | |
| |
| |
Skull | |
| |
| |
Worksheet for Lab 4: Identification of features | |
| |
| |
| |
Quiz on skeletal features | |
| |
| |
| |
Estimating age and sex | |
| |
| |
Aging nonadults | |
| |
| |
Aging adults | |
| |
| |
Sex estimation | |
| |
| |
| |
Age and sex estimation in Homo sapiens | |
| |
| |
| |
Living Primates | |
| |
| |
Background | |
| |
| |
Diet, locomotion and social behavior | |
| |
| |
Primate Taxonomy | |
| |
| |
Laboratory introduction: Methods for observing primate behavior | |
| |
| |
Sampling procedures | |
| |
| |
Formats for recording observations | |
| |
| |
Testing research questions | |
| |
| |
Social behavior categories | |
| |
| |
| |
Observing primates | |
| |
| |
| |
Diet, morphology and body size | |
| |
| |
| |
Primate classification and comparative anatomy | |
| |
| |
Background | |
| |
| |
Phylogeny and taxonomy | |
| |
| |
Co-opting of traits | |
| |
| |
Phylogeny worksheet | |
| |
| |
Laboratory introduction: Functional and craniodental anatomy | |
| |
| |
Functional anatomy | |
| |
| |
Teeth | |
| |
| |
Sexual dimorphism | |
| |
| |
Laboratory 6: Comparative anatomy | |
| |
| |
| |
Dating methods and paleoecology | |
| |
| |
Background | |
| |
| |
Laboratory introduction: Dating methods and habitat reconstruction | |
| |
| |
Stratigraphy, biostratigraphy and biochronology | |
| |
| |
Chronometric dating | |
| |
| |
Fluorine dating | |
| |
| |
Paleomagnetic dating | |
| |
| |
South African caves | |
| |
| |
East African stratigraphic sequences | |
| |
| |
Reconstructing the context of the remains | |
| |
| |
| |
Dating fossils and interpreting diet | |
| |
| |
| |
Primate evolution | |
| |
| |
Background | |
| |
| |
Precambrian | |
| |
| |
Paleozoic era | |
| |
| |
Mesozoic era | |
| |
| |
Cenozoic era | |
| |
| |
Laboratory introduction: The primate fossil record | |
| |
| |
Early primates | |
| |
| |
Anthropoids | |
| |
| |
Apes | |
| |
| |
Early bipeds | |
| |
| |
Ceropithecid monkeys | |
| |
| |
| |
The evolution of primates, Eocene to Miocene | |
| |
| |
| |
Last common ancestor and bipedalism | |
| |
| |
Background | |
| |
| |
Laboratory introduction: Anatomy of bipedalism | |
| |
| |
| |
Structure and function of bipedal locomotion | |
| |
| |
| |
Australopithecus | |
| |
| |
Background | |
| |
| |
South African Australopithecus | |
| |
| |
Robust australopithecines | |
| |
| |
Laboratory introduction: Plio-Pleistocene Australopithecus | |
| |
| |
| |
Craniofacial anatomy of Australopithecus | |
| |
| |
| |
Early Homo and Homo erectus | |
| |
| |
Background | |
| |
| |
Increasing brain size | |
| |
| |
Life ways | |
| |
| |
Migration out of Africa | |
| |
| |
Laboratory introduction: The evolution and extinction of Homo erectus | |
| |
| |
History of discovery | |
| |
| |
Taxonomy | |
| |
| |
Cranial morphology | |
| |
| |
| |
Pleistocene Homo | |
| |
| |
| |
Archaic H. sapiens | |
| |
| |
Background | |
| |
| |
Isolation and Homo floresiensis | |
| |
| |
Neandertals | |
| |
| |
Historical perspectives | |
| |
| |
Skeletal traits | |
| |
| |
Genetics | |
| |
| |
Laboratory introduction: Upper Pleistocene remains of late archaic humans | |
| |
| |
Growth and development | |
| |
| |
Neurocranium | |
| |
| |
Face | |
| |
| |
Postcranium | |
| |
| |
| |
Morphology, development and paleodemography in Archaic H. sapiens | |
| |
| |
| |
Modern human origins | |
| |
| |
Background | |
| |
| |
Modernity | |
| |
| |
Evolution of language | |
| |
| |
Laboratory introduction: Archaic and modern H. sapiens | |
| |
| |
| |
Modern humans and their relatives | |
| |
| |
| |
Human variation | |
| |
| |
Background | |
| |
| |
Australia and the Americas | |
| |
| |
Categorical race and the type concept | |
| |
| |
Laboratory introduction: Adaptive and nonadaptive patterns of human variation | |
| |
| |
Skin complexion | |
| |
| |
Clinal distributions | |
| |
| |
Male and female | |
| |
| |
| |
Human variation | |
| |
| |
| |
Forensic anthropology and bioarchaeology | |
| |
| |
Background | |
| |
| |
Age, sex and stature estimation | |
| |
| |
Stature | |
| |
| |
Ancestry | |
| |
| |
Bioarchaeology | |
| |
| |
Laboratory introduction: Skeletal trauma and pathology | |
| |
| |
| |
Mock cases and skeletal pathology | |
| |
| |
| |
Human adaptation | |
| |
| |
Background | |
| |
| |
Laboratory introduction: Life history theory | |
| |
| |
Human growth and development | |
| |
| |
Adult stature | |
| |
| |
Life expectancy with respect to subsistence patterns | |
| |
| |
The grandmother and embodied capital hypotheses | |
| |
| |
| |
Maturation and mortality | |
| |
| |
| |
Primate fossil record and geological time scale in millions of years (mya) | |
| |
| |
| |
Assessment of learning outcomes | |
| |
| |
| |
Textbook correlation table | |
| |
| |
| |
Optional laboratory using statistics | |
| |
| |
| |
Materials for labs | |
| |
| |
Glossary | |
| |
| |
Bibliography | |
| |
| |
Index | |