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| Chapters 3-12 open with an Introduction, Key Terms, and Arguments and Readings | |
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| Each chapter ends with Suggestions for Further Reading. | |
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| Preface | |
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| Moral Reasoning | |
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| Ethics and the Moral Domain | |
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| Norms: Moral and Nonmoral | |
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| The Elements of Morality | |
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| Emotion and Conscience | |
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| Kinds of Ethical Inquiry | |
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| Ethics, Law, and Religion | |
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| Moral Relativism | |
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| Moral Arguments | |
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| Argument Basics | |
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| The Structure of Moral Arguments | |
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| Evaluating Moral Premises | |
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| Key Words | |
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| Summary | |
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| Plato: The Ring of Gyges | |
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| The Case Against Moral Relativism | |
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| Can Ethics Provide Answers? | |
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| Moral Theories | |
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| Why Moral Theories? | |
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| Important Moral Theories | |
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| Utilitarianism | |
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| Kant's Theory | |
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| Natural Law Theory | |
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| Rawls's Contractarianism | |
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| Virtue Ethics | |
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| The Ethics of Care | |
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| Feminist Ethics | |
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| Judging Moral Theories | |
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| The Moral Criteria of Adequacy | |
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| Applying the Criteria: Utilitarianism | |
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| Kant's Theory | |
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| Key Words | |
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| Summary | |
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| Utilitarianism | |
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| Fundamental Principles of the Metaphysic of Morals | |
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| Aristotle: Nicomachean Ethics | |
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| A Theory of Justice | |
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| The Need for More Than Justice | |
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| Abortion | |
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| Warren's Personhood Argument for Abortion | |
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| On the Moral and Legal Status of Abortion | |
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| The Being in the Womb Is a Person | |
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| Abortion: A Defense of the Personhood Argument | |
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| Why Abortion Is Immoral | |
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| Noonan's Personhood-at-Conception Argument Against Abortion | |
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| An Almost Absolute Value in History | |
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| In Defense of Abortion and Infanticide | |
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| The Scope of the Prohibition Against Killing | |
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| Thomson's Self-Defense Argument for Abortion | |
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| A Defense of Abortion | |
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| Arguments from Bodily Rights: A Critical Analysis | |
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| Sex And Marriage | |
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| Goldman's Argument Against Conventional Sexual Morality | |
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| Plain Sex | |
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| Morality and Human Sexuality | |
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| The Abnormality Argument Against Homosexuality | |
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| Why Homosexuality Is Abnormal | |
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| Homosexuality and Nature | |
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| The Essentialist Argument Against Gay Marriage | |
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| Gay Marriage--and Marriage | |
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| For Better or Worse? | |
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| Euthanasia And Assisted Suicide | |
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| The Autonomy Argument for Euthanasia | |
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| When Self-Determination Runs Amok | |
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| When Abstract Moralizing Runs Amok | |
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| The Philosophers' Brief | |
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| The Killing/Letting Die Argument | |
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| Active and Passive Euthanasia | |
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| Is Killing No Worse Than Letting Die? | |
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| The Slippery Slope Argument Against Euthanasia | |
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| Why Doctors Must Not Kill | |
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| Voluntary Active Euthanasia | |
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| Genetic Engineering And Cloning | |
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| The Beneficence Argument for Genetic Enhancement | |
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| Is Gene Therapy a Form of Eugenics? | |
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| Genetic Enhancement | |
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| The Open-Future Argument Against Cloning | |
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| Cloning Human Beings: An Assessment of the Ethical Issues Pro and Con | |
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| A Life in the Shadow: One Reason Why We Should Not Clone Humans | |
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| The Death Penalty | |
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| Kant's Retributivism Argument for the Death Penalty | |
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| Punishment and the Principle of Equality | |
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| A Life for a Life | |
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| An Eye for an Eye? | |
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| Capital Attrition: Error Rates in Capital Cases | |
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| The Discrimination Argument Against the Death Penalty | |
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| Administrative Objections | |
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| Capital Punishment and the Legacy of Racial Bias | |
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| The Deterrence Argument for the Death Penalty | |
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| On Deterrence and the Death Penalty | |
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| Capital Punishment and Social Defense | |
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| War, Terrorism, And Torture | |
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| The Pacifist Argument Against War | |
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| Pacifism | |
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| Pacifism: A Philosophical Analysis | |
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| The Self-Defense Argument for War | |
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| Just and Unjust Wars | |
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| When War Is Unjust: Being Honest in Just-War Thinking | |
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| The Just War Argument Against Terrorism | |
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| Terrorism: A Critique of Excuses | |
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| The Morality of Terrorism | |
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| Can Terrorism Be Justified? | |
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| The Ticking Bomb Argument for Torture | |
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| The Case for Torturing the Ticking Bomb Terrorist | |
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| Liberalism, Torture, and the Ticking Bomb | |
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| Pornography | |
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| The Liberty Argument Against Censorship | |
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| On Liberty | |
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| Hate Speech and Pornography: Do We Have to Choose Between Freedom and Equality? | |
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| Pornography, Oppression, and Freedom | |
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| MacKinnon's Harm-to-Women Argument for Censorship | |
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| Pornography, Civil Rights, and Speech | |
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| Women and Pornography | |
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| Feminists Against the First Amendment | |
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| Economic Justice: Health Care | |
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| Daniels's Argument for a Right to Health Care | |
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| Is There a Right to Health Care and, If So, What Does It Encompass? | |
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| The Right to a Decent Minimum of Health Care | |
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| The Argument for Rationing by Moral Worthiness | |
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| Fault and the Allocation of Spare Organs | |
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| Alcoholics and Liver Transplantation | |
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| Animal Rights And Environmental Duty | |
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| Singer's ""All Animals Are Equal"" Argument | |
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| All Animals Are Equal | |
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| The Case for the Use of Animals in Biomedical Research | |
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| Our Duties to Animals | |
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| Regan's Argument for Animal Rights | |
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| The Case for Animal Rights | |
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| The Rights of the Nonhuman World | |
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| The Moral Status of Animals | |
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| The Suffering Argument for Vegetarianism | |
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| The Moral Argument for Vegetarianism | |
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| Moral Vegetarianism and the Argument from Pain and Suffering | |
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| Taylor's Argument for the Moral Equality of All Life | |
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| The Ethics of Respect for Nature | |
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| Are All Species Equal? | |
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| Reverence for Life | |
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| Economic Justice And Global Obligations | |
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| Hardin's Lifeboat Argument Against Aiding the Poor | |
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| Living on a Lifeboat | |
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| A Critique of Lifeboat Ethics | |
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| Singer's Utilitarian Argument for Aiding the Poor | |
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| Famine, Affluence, and Morality | |
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| World Hunger and Population | |
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| Glossary | |
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| Index | |