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| xi Introduction | |
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| A Bird's Eye View of the Nervous System | |
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| Studying the Structures and Function of the Nervous System | |
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| Animal Experiments Crucial for Progress | |
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| Ethics and Animal Experiments | |
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| Sources of Error in All Methods | |
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| Revising Scientific Truths from Time to Time | |
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| Main Features Of Structure And Function | |
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| Structure of the Neuron and Organization of Nervous Tissue | |
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| An Overview | |
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| Neurons and Their Processes | |
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| Coupling of Neurons: Pathways for Signals | |
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| The Cytoskeleton and Axonal Transport | |
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| Glia | |
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| An Overview | |
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| Kinds of Glial Cell | |
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| Glial Cells and Homeostasis | |
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| Insulation and Protection of Axons | |
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| Microglia and Reactions of the CNS to Injury | |
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| Neuronal Excitability | |
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| An Overview | |
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| Basis of Excitability | |
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| The Action Potential | |
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| Impulse Propagation | |
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| How Nerve Cells Can Vary Their Messages | |
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| Synaptic Function | |
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| An Overview | |
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| Neurotransmitter Handling at the Synapse | |
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| Synaptic Potentials and Kinds of Synapse | |
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| Synaptic Plasticity | |
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| Neurotransmitters and Their Receptors | |
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| An Overview | |
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| General Aspects | |
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| Specific Neurotransmitters | |
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| Actions of Drugs in the Nervous System | |
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| Parts of the Nervous System | |
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| An Overview | |
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| The Spinal Cord | |
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| The Brain Stem | |
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| The Cerebrum | |
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| The Cerebellum | |
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| The Coverings of the Brain and the Ventricular System | |
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| An Overview | |
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| The Meninges | |
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| The Cerebral Ventricles in the Cerebrospinal Fluid | |
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| The Blood Supply of the Central Nervous System | |
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| An Overview | |
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| Cerebral Microregulation | |
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| Arterial System | |
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| Venous System | |
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| Development, Aging, And Plasticity | |
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| Prenatal and Postnatal Development | |
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| An Overview | |
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| Prenatal Development | |
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| Mechanisms for Establishment of Specific Connections | |
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| The Role Played by the Environment in Development of the Nervous System | |
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| The Nervous System and Aging | |
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| An Overview | |
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| Age-related Changes in the Normal Brain and Their Consequences | |
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| Neurodegenerative Diseases and Dementia | |
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| Restitution of Function after Brain Damage | |
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| An Overview | |
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| Brain Injuries and Possible Reparative Processes | |
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| Brain Processes Underlying Recovery of Function | |
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| Restitution after Damage in Early Childhood | |
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| Sensory Systems | |
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| Sensory Receptors in General | |
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| An Overview | |
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| Sensory Units and Their Receptive Fields | |
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| Transduction: The Translation of Stimuli to Action Potentials | |
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| Properties and Classification of Receptors | |
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| Receptors and Subjective Sensory Experience | |
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| Peripheral Parts of the Somatosensory System | |
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| An Overview | |
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| Exteroceptors: Cutaneous Sensation | |
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| Proprioceptors: Deep Sensation | |
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| The Sensory Fibers and the Dorsal Roots | |
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| Central Parts of the Somatosensory System | |
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| An Overview | |
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| Central Somatosensory Pathways | |
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| The Somatosensory Cortical Regions | |
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| Pain | |
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| An Overview | |
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| Some Distinctive Features of Pain | |
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| When the Pain System gets Out of Control | |
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| Central Control of Transmission from Nociceptors and Pain Sensation | |
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| Placebo and Nocebo | |
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| Modern Views on Pain and Pain Treatment | |
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| The Visual System | |
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| An Overview | |
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| The Eyeball and the Refracting Media | |
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| The Retina | |
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| Organization of the Visual Pathways | |
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| The Visual Cortex and the Final Processing of Visual Information | |
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| The Auditory System | |
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| An Overview | |
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| The Cochlea | |
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| The Auditory Pathways | |
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| The Auditory Cortex | |
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| The Sense of Equilibrium | |
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| An Overview | |
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| Structure and Function of the Vestibular Apparatus | |
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| Connections of the Vestibular Nuclei | |
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| Vestibular Reflexes: Control of Eye Movements and Bodily Posture | |
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| Cortical Processing of Vestibular Signals | |
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| Olfaction and Taste | |
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| An Overview | |
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| The Olfactory System | |
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| Gustatory System (The Sense of Taste) | |
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| MOTOR SYSTEMS | |
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| Motor Systems and Movements in General | |
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| An Overview | |
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| Motor and Other Systems are Mutually Dependent | |
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| Classification of Movements | |
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| The Peripheral Motor Neurons and Reflexes | |
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| An Overview | |
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| Motoneurons and Muscles | |
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| Muscle Tone | |
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| Injury of Peripheral Motor Neurons and Regeneration | |
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| The Motor Cortical Areas and Descending Pathways | |
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| An Overview | |
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| The Pyramidal Tract (The Corticospinal Tract) | |
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| Indirect Corticospinal Pathways | |
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| Control of Automatic Movements | |
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| Motor Cortical Areas and Control of Voluntary Movements | |
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| Symptoms Caused by Interruption of Central Motor Pathways (Upper Motor Neurons) | |
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| The Basal Ganglia | |
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| An Overview | |
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| Structure and Connections of the Basal Ganglia | |
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| The Ventral Striatum | |
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| Functions of the Basal Ganglia | |
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| Diseases of the Basal Ganglia | |
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| The Cerebellum | |
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| An Overview | |
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| Subdivisions and Afferent Connections of the Cerebellum | |
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| The Cerebellar Cortex and the Mossy and Climbing Fibers | |
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| Efferent Connections of the Cerebellum | |
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| Cerebellar Functions and Symptoms of the Disease | |
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| Control of Eye Movements | |
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| An Overview | |
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| Movements of the Eyes and the Eye Muscles | |
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| Brain Stem and Cerebellar Control of Eye Movements | |
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| Cortical Control of Eye Movements | |
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| The Brain Stem And The Cranial Nerves | |
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| The Reticular Formation: Premotor Networks, Consciousness, and Sleep | |
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| An Overview | |
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| Structure and Connections of the Reticular Formation | |
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| Function of the Reticular Formation | |
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| Consciousness | |
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| Sleep | |
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| The Cranial Nerves | |
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| An Overview | |
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| General Organization of the Cranial Nerves | |
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| The Hypoglossal Nerve | |
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| The Accessory Nerve | |
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| The Vagus Nerve | |
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| The Glossopharyngeal Nerve | |
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| The Vestibulocochlear Nerve | |
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| The Facial and Intermediate Nerves | |
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| The Trigeminal Nerve | |
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| The Abducens, Trochlear and Oculomotor Nerves | |
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| THE AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM | |
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| Visceral Efferent Neurons: The Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Divisions | |
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| An Overview | |
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| General Organization | |
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| Peripheral Parts of the Sympathetic System | |
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| Peripheral Parts of the Parasympathetic System | |
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| The Enteric Nervous System | |
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| Functional Aspects of the Autonomic Nervous System | |
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| Neurotransmitters in the Autonomic Nervous System | |
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| Sensory Visceral Neurons and Visceral Reflexes | |
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| An Overview | |
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| Visceral Receptors and Afferent Pathways | |
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| Visceral Reflexes | |
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| Visceral Pain | |
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| The Central Autonomic System: The Hypothalamus | |
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| An Overview | |
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| Centers in the Brain Stem for Coordination of Behavior | |
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| Structure and Connections of the Hypothalamus | |
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| The Hypothalamus and the Endocrine System | |
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| Functional Aspects | |
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| The Hypothalamus and the Immune System | |
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| The Hypothalamus and Mental Functions | |
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| LIMBIC STRUCTURES | |
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| The Amygdala, the Basal Forebrain, and Emotions | |
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| An Overview | |
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| What is the ""Limbic System?"" | |
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| The Amygdala | |
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| Some Aspects of Cortical Control of Autonomic Functions and Emotions | |
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| Neuronal Groups in the Basal Parts of the Hemispheres: The Basal Forebrain | |
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| The Hippocampal Formation: Learning and Memory | |
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| An Overview | |
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| The Hippocampal Formation | |
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| Functional Aspects | |
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| THE CEREBRAL CORTEX | |
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| The Cerebral Cortex: Intrinsic Organization and Connections | |
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| An Overview | |
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| Structure of the Cerebral Cortex | |
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| Connections of the Cerebral Cortex | |
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| Functions of the Neocortex | |
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| An Overview | |
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| Association Areas | |
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| Language Functions and ""Speech Areas"" of the Cerebral Cortex | |
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| The Division of Tasks between the Hemispheres | |
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| Sex Differences and the Cerebral Cortex | |
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| Index | |