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| List of Exhibits and Figures | |
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| Preface | |
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| Introduction: A Brief Sketch of Brazil and Its Place in the World | |
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| The Birth and Growth of Colonial Brazil | |
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| Portuguese Arrival in the New World | |
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| Factors Leading Up to Cabral's Voyage | |
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| Early Consolidation of the Monarchy | |
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| Social Structure with a Merchant Class | |
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| Long-standing Involvement in Trade Routes | |
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| Too Small to Send Nationals to Settle Abroad | |
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| Securing the Frontiers | |
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| From Trading to Colonizing | |
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| Brazil's Colonial Economy and Its Nexus with Portugal | |
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| The Influence of Enlightenment Ideas | |
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| Conspiracies against the Portuguese | |
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| Peoples and Dramas in the Making of the Colony | |
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| Hunting Indigenous People for Enslavement and the Jesuit Role | |
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| The Portuguese Explorers and Their Expeditions | |
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| The Role of the Mameluco | |
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| The Concept of Race as Applied to Indians in the Colony | |
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| The Place of African Slaves and Free Coloreds | |
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| The Persistence of the African in Brazilian Culture | |
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| From Colony to Independence as a Monarchy | |
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| The Portuguese Court Comes to Brazil | |
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| Creating a New Portuguese America | |
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| Brazilian Hierarchies | |
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| The Tribulations of Brazil's First Emperor | |
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| Uprisings under the Regency | |
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| Recentralization | |
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| The Role of Pedro II | |
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| The Rise of Coffee | |
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| The Emerging Problems with Slavery as an Institution | |
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| The Question of Abolition | |
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| The Paraguayan War | |
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| The Making of "Modern" Brazil | |
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| A New Generation and the Military Question | |
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| Abolition and Its Aftermath: The Brazilian Way | |
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| The End of the Empire | |
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| Selling Brazil | |
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| "Whitening" Brazil | |
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| The Reality behind the Facade | |
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| Coffee Fluctuations, Emerging Industry, and Urban Labor | |
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| The Roots of Industrialization | |
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| Worker Organization and Employers' Strategy | |
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| Evaporation of the Oligarchical Consensus | |
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| A Message from Below | |
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| Economic Strains | |
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| Building to a Dictatorship and World War II | |
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| The Shock of World War I | |
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| The Economy after the War | |
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| Brazil's Uneven Development | |
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| New Currents in the 1920s | |
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| Modernism, Brazilian Style | |
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| Rise of Anti-Liberal Thought | |
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| The Disintegration of the Old Politics | |
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| The Revolution of 1930 | |
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| Swing toward Centralization | |
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| Ideological Polarization | |
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| Getulio Vargas as Dictator | |
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| The Vargas Style | |
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| Corporatist Inroads | |
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| A New Search for National Identity | |
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| Juggling the International Options | |
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| World War II and the Rise of U.S. Influence | |
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| Collapse of the Dictatorship at Home | |
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| Returning to Democracy, for a While | |
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| The 1945 Election and the Dutra Period | |
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| Vargas Returns | |
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| From Oligarch to Populist | |
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| Vargas's Legislative Program Runs into Trouble | |
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| Suicide | |
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| Population Growth, Regional Disequilibria, and Migration | |
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| A New President, Juscelino Kubitschek, Elected | |
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| Political Strategy | |
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| The Economic Development Program | |
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| Dealing with the World Economy | |
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| The Brief Presidency of Janio Quadros | |
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| The Succession of Joao Goulart | |
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| Populists versus the Military | |
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| The Economic Crisis Escalates | |
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| Rule of the Military | |
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| The Generals Search for a Political Base | |
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| Growing Opposition, Growing Repression: 1964-1967 | |
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| Triumph of the Hard Line | |
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| The Arrival of the Guerrillas | |
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| Brazilian Culture and the Generals | |
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| The Effects of Repression | |
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| Military Rule and Questions about Brazilian Political Tradition | |
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| The Economic "Miracle" Wrought by the Authoritarians | |
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| The Benefits and Costs of Foreign Loans | |
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| The Winners and Losers | |
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| The Road to Redemocratization | |
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| Battles within the Officer Corps | |
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| Manipulating the Electoral System | |
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| Redemocratization-New Hope, Old Problems | |
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| An Unintended Succession | |
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| Sarney and the New Democracy | |
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| The Cruzado Plan | |
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| The Debt Crisis and the Economy | |
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| Lost Investment | |
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| The Brain Drain | |
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| Widening Gaps between Rich and Poor | |
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| Education and Health Care | |
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| Housing and Communications | |
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| Public Health: A Success Story | |
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| Changes Affecting Women | |
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| Race Relations | |
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| Contemporary Culture | |
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| The Political Spectrum in the New Democracy | |
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| The Collor Debacle | |
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| The Election | |
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| The Policies | |
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| The End | |
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| Another Vice President in Command | |
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| Back to Stabilization: The Plano Real | |
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| The Presidential Election of 1994 | |
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| The Cardoso Government's First Term | |
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| Going for a Second Term | |
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| Social Justice Delayed | |
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| Selling Off the State | |
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| Brazil in the Shadow of an Argentine Default | |
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| Brazilian Democracy Takes a New Turn: Or Does It? | |
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| Lula Finally Becomes Legitimate | |
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| The Economic Scene | |
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| The 2002 Presidential Campaign | |
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| Lula's First Steps | |
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| The PT in Power | |
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| Exports Take Center Stage as Lula Continues to Govern | |
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| Government Fortunes Further Reverse as the PT Tastes Scandal | |
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| The Last Year of Lula's First Term | |
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| The Economy in 2006 | |
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| Some Hard Lessons for Lula's Socialism | |
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| The Landless Movement | |
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| Riots among the Criminal Population | |
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| Conflict with Bolivia over Natural Gas | |
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| The 2006 Presidential Campaign | |
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| Lula's Second Term and the Outlook Ahead | |
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| Lula's Luck | |
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| What's Next? | |
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| Suggestions for Further Reading | |
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| Index | |